STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 199 



commerce, and glad of anj^ fiicilities by which it is extended. Our State 

 extends over so large an area that it binds into one bundle these diversi- 

 fied yet concordant interests. But each of these performs its part in 

 creating the prosperity of the State, and each has a concern in the suc- 

 cess and stability of all. Hence political or social jealousy should be 

 ignored. That i;nan is an enemy to the State who stirs up such jealousies 

 for any purpose, or who seeks to combine one interest or section of the 

 State against any other. These considerations are of particular impor- 

 tance now when threatened legislation by Congress may throw the prin- 

 cipal business of the mining communities of this coast into confusion, 

 and impede the production of gold to an extent disastrous to the general 

 welfare. Again, if the facilities afforded by such an institution as I have 

 indicated, advance mining as well as agricultural interests, 1 desire that 

 you farmers may see that your own good is thereby promoted by the 

 extension of your markets, and greater demand for your products. 



I concur in the suggestion of the report referred to, that it is better 

 for the State University to select portions of the ^veat field of science 

 not now cultivated here; that it ought not to invade the domain of col- 

 leges now established. Our common schools and colleges will furnish 

 the necessary training to fit the scholar for the practical and scientific 

 courses to which the university should be confined. In the university 

 there should be professorships of practical agriculture, botan}^, and vege- 

 table physiology; geology, and mineralogy; zoology, and animal physi- 

 ology; general and agricultural chemistry; mining, and metallurgy; 

 mechanics, and engineering; drawing, and design; mathematics, and 

 astronomy; military tactics, and engineering. Such an institution can 

 only be sustained by the large annual expense to the State w^hich I have 

 indicated — a large expenditure, but one that would add to the future 

 development, wealth, and distinction of the State beyond the power of 

 figures to estimate. 



1 have purposely avoided minor details in this sketch, for the reason 

 that they are better settled b}' experts, and their treatment is inconsis- 

 tent with the limits or proprieties of a popular address. But there is 

 one limitation in the Act of Congress making the donation of land Avhich 

 is of great importance — that military tactics shall be included in the 

 studies of the university. Military discipline and drill have not occupied 

 a sufticiently prominent place in our educational system. We have 

 learned within the past few 3'ears the importance of this branch of edu- 

 cation, and military schools have increased in number and popularity. 

 We were totally unprepared for the late war, and to appearance devoid 

 of military spirit. Aside from the superior cfiiciency our arms would 

 have had early in the war if the volunteers had had a preparatory mili- 

 tary training, the effect of the display of that martial spirit by the 

 North, which is best exhibited by a people educated to arms, would have 

 ffone far toward deterrinir the ambitious leaders of secession from 

 plunging into civil war; perhaps would have saved the sacrifice of hun- 

 dreds of thousands of lives and thousands of millions of treasure. It is 

 not necessary to keep a large standing army to be prepared for war. The 

 same result may be reached by educating the people in the use of arms, 

 so that eftieient volunteer forces may be organized at the sudden call of 

 the country. Great military leaders are more likely to be developed by 

 training in the National JVIilitai-y xVcademy ; but the masses of the people 

 may be transmuted into efficient soldiers in a few years by teaching mili- 

 tary tactics and engineering in our schools. Boys will take naturally to 

 this kind of instruction. It will furnish a pleasant change from ordi- 



