216 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



freio-hting tbe productions and manufacture of every commercial mart 

 and clime J.O her overburdened storehouses; and these, with lier costly 

 stores, halls, churches, entitle her to be called the Mistress of the Pacific. 

 San Francisco is the only natural terminus of the Pacific Pailroad, 

 ■which, within five or six years will, with iron bands, cement the Atlantic 

 and tbe Pacific; and who can estimate the immense total trade and 

 traffic this great world's highway will bring to our young State ? 



AGRICULTURAL CAPACITIES OP THIS STATE. 



The capacities of our rich, deep soil, aided by tbe warm, genial sun, 

 surpasses the world in all agricultural and fruital productions, in quan- 

 tity and qualit}'. Figs, grapes of every variety, tbe olive, almond, citron, 

 lemon, orange, in short, all the Mediterranean productions, grow and 

 mature here Avith all their native luxuriance and perfection; while hemp, 

 flax, tobacco, sorghum, cotton, and other great staples needed by the 

 world, suppl}' commerce, and enrich all countries that produce them. 

 The State extends from latitude thirty-two degrees twenty minutes 

 south, to latitude forty-two degrees north, is five hundred and seventy 

 miles long, and has an average width of two hundred and thirty miles. 

 It embraces eighty-nine million six hundred and eighty-five thousand five 

 hundred and fifteen acres adapted to agricultural purposes, twenty-nine 

 million acres of swamp or tule land, thousands of acres of which are now 

 being reclaimed, and much of it producing unparalleled crops of vege- 

 tables, grass, and fruits. The area of the valley land is tbii-ty million 

 acres, making with the mountain land, a total of sevent}^ million acres, 

 suitable for agricultural and grazing purposes. Of this, there is under 

 fence over six million acres, of which, one hundred and seventy-eight 

 thousand nine hundred and sixty acres, in eighteen hundred and sixty, 

 produced thiee million sixty-eight thousand six hundred and ninety- 

 three bushels of wheat; one hundred and fifty-four thousand six hundred 

 and ninety acres produced four million six hundred and thii-ty-nine 

 thousand six hundred and seventy-eight bushels of barley ; thirty-eight 

 thousand six hundred and twent}' acres produced one million two Ijun-. 

 dred and sixty-three thousand four hundred and fiftj'-nine bushels of 

 oats. This j'car, as near as can be established up to this date, four times 

 the above amount of cereals have been raised. Fruit trees and gi-ape 

 vines, in eighteen hundred and sixty, numbered six millions. These have 

 quadrupled up to this time. Stock of all kinds, in eighteen hundred and 

 sixty, numbered one million five hundred and seventy-six thousand nine 

 hundred and eighty. Horses — one million five hundred and seventy- 

 seven thousand; cattle — seven hundred and twenty -two thousand three 

 hundred and seventy-four; sheep — four hundred and ninety-one thousand 

 seven hundred and ninety-four; goats — twelve thousand seven hundred 

 and forty-three; swine — one hundred and sixty-five thousand nine hun- 

 dred and twenty-one ; mules — fortj'-seven thousand. At the present time 

 there are over two million sheep, and in no part of the world do they do 

 better or can they be raised at less cost. The French and Spanish 

 nierino, the southdown, the cottswold, and other varieties, have been 

 imported from the Atlantic States, France, Spain, and Australia, and 

 prosper as well here as in tlieir native countries. Wool is fast becoming 

 an important article of export; over seven million pounds were shipped 

 last 3'ear. 



The culture of the grape and the manufacture of wine are rapidly 

 growing into a large and important business, our hundreds of valleys 



