ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS 73 



where to live rock, in spite of irregularities iu the surface, as it did in so 

 many well known instances where it was thicker and its motion more vigorous. 



The thinness of the ice in this submargiual area and its consequent insig- 

 nificant weight, combined with a dominant translative element of motion, are 

 thought to he responsible for these features. The effects are such as should 

 be expected from a rigid mass of ice pushed bodily along from behind. 



Since the quarry lies higher than its surroundings, erosion there doubtless 

 represents a maximum for the region. If so, the lower, less exposed parts 

 of the plain nmst have suffered exceedingly little, if any, erosion. 



Read in full from manuscript. 



Discussion 



Mr. F. B. Taylor : The phenomena described by Mr. Rich is characteristic 

 of a zone near tlie edge of the ice. At some other localities — Kellys Island, 

 in Lake Erie; the Sibley quarry near Trenton, Miebigan ; on the Niagara es- 

 carpment near Fekin, New York, and on the Saugeen peninsula, iu Ontario — 

 the ice adapted itself to an irregular surface, either following narrow sinuous 

 troughs or dipping down into shallow basins. These effects are apparently 

 associated with relatively deep ice which was somewhat plastic and adapted 

 itself to the hollows. Mr. Rich's pictures show an interesting exception, prob- 

 ably related to the thin marginal part of the ice. 



Dr. C. A. Davis : In the vicinity of Marquette, Michigan, on the top of a 

 rock hill within the city limits and 200 feet or more above Lake Superior, and 

 in direct line of ice-movement — that is, facing the northeast — in 1906 there 

 was seen an area of the schists of the region and an amphibolite dike on which 

 the pre-Wisconsiu weathering had not been removed by the erosion of the last 

 ice-sheet, as shown by the surface of the schist, and especially by a small area 

 on the surface of the dike, in which included quartz pebbles had weathered 

 out for an inch or more in a shallow depression. The margins of the depres- 

 sion were beautifully glaciated, and the tops of the inclusions were truncated 

 and striated ; Imt tbe ice had not eroded to the bottom of the slight depression. 

 Theoretically (his should be a locality where ice erosion should have been 

 heavy. 



Mr. Rich asked if the term "solution pipe" was a good one to apply to 

 solution-enlarged joints. 



Further remarks wei'c made by H. P. Reid and H. M. Ami. 



NEW EVIDENCE OF THE EXISTENCE OF FIXED ANTICYCLONES ABOVE 



CONTINENTAL GLACIERS 



BY WILLIAM HERBERT HOBBS 



(Abstract) 



In 1010, wlioi) the writer first asscinblod the evidence and prunuilgated the 

 tbeory of nouiisbuieiil of loiitineiital glaciL-rs Iroiii (lie cirri tbroiigli (be agency 

 of glacial anticyclones, the available evidence consisted of the following : 



