388 



WASHINGTON AND DAY VOLCANOES OF SOUTHERN ITALY 



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intermittent emission of many half-molten stones, accompanied l)v pufl's 

 of generally white smoke, few explosions. l)ut a pretty continuous roai-. 

 The stones did not rise much above TjO meters or so, many of them much 

 less. The hole below was filled with thin, long, wavering, bright red, 

 Hamelike tongues, Avhich seemed to be spurts fnmi the liquid lava not f;ir 

 below. This vent seems to have been in existence as far back as 18!>]. if 

 not earlier. 



Bocche C and I) are of m <]uite different type and much k'ss acti\('. 

 (" is in a solfataric state and emitted puffs of white smoke, with little 



___^ noise and without stones. 



^^mmm^WT^^'^'- ^ I I) showed little aetivity, 



occMsjoiially lining (|iiietly 

 with sluggisii yellow smoke. 

 (' seems to l)e later than 1). 

 as its outline cuts into that 

 of the latter. 



Tlie last bocca. F, is the 

 most ])eculiar. It "blows 

 oft'"' at intervals of from 20 

 to 10 minutes from a small, 

 shallow, scarcely noticeable 

 depression in the scoria- 

 strewn floor near the east- 

 ern Filone, visible to the 

 right in ]date 24. There is 

 a loud, startlingly sudden 

 blast, like tlie letting off of. 

 steam from a gigantic 

 boiler, am] the rapid ascent 

 of a narrow, very tall col- 

 umn of white or gra}^ smoke from a small orifice which makes its appear- 

 ance at the bottom of the depression. The edges of the orifice become 

 red hot and there is a small, low spatter of molten material. The blast 

 continues with increasing loudness for from half a minute to two minutes 

 and then ceases, generally suddenly. During the last few seconds the 

 dense smoke generally ceases and the noise of the blast continues with 

 the emission of faint whitish or bluish vapor. After the outburst the 

 orifice closes and the depression becomes again black and scarcely detect- 

 able. 



There was not much fumarolic activity, this being confined chiefly to 

 the battery (F on the map) along the Filo del Zolfo and some slight vapor 

 spires over the crater floor. The general smoke, as observed on the ridge 

 above the crater, was acid and smelt somewhat strongly of SO,. 





%';^' .' Porta delle Croci 



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I'"KaRE 1. — Sketch Maii of tlic ('ruler of Strtimbnli 



