78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHILADELPHIA MEETING 



AOE AS THE DETERMINANT OF CHARACTER IN VOLCANOES 

 BY GEORGE CARROLL CURTIS ^ 



{Abstract) 



It hns been held liy some vnleandloglsts that a frngmental character of 

 ejecta marks the closing stage of \olcauic eruption. While this seems to apply 

 in some localities, notably the Hawaiian group, the opposite was noted by the 

 writer in other Pacific archipelagoes — in tlie Philippines, in Japan, and espe- 

 cially in Java — where a large number of fragmental volcanic cones in all 

 stages are found, the most energetic, Smeroe and Bromo, being in constant 

 activity. Pele and Taal, whose eruptions and destruction of life had remark- 

 able similarity, though composite cones, have been fragmental in their latest 

 outbreaks, and many other like cases may be noted. 



It appears that character of ejection is not always a criterion for determin- 

 ing the stage in the life history of a volcano. 



Presented by title in the absence of the author. 



COMPREHENSIVE CORAL ISLAND THEORY 

 BY GEORGE CABBOLL CURTIS ^ 



(Abstract) 



Several one-way theories have been advanced for the true solution of coral 

 atoll formation, Darwin's subsidence theory being the most widely accepted. 

 A. Agassiz's views, based on the most extensive field observations yet made 

 on coral reefs, seem to be the most inclusive. No single theory will fully 

 account for all existing islands, though subsidence, platform building on reef 

 talus, marine erosion, continental glaciation, and other factors, ably presented 

 by eminent authorities, have undoubtedly entered into the construction of ex- 

 isting reefs. A year's study Ln South Pacific coral seas, with four years of 

 coral island work, including the construction of the reliefs of Borabora and 

 I'unafute islands, has led to the tenet that similar results in coral formations 

 may be brought about by quite different combinations of processes, and that 

 the most plausible coral island theory for the time being is the multi-cause 

 and vari-cause one. 



Presented by title in the absence of the author. 



EVIDENCE OF CONTINENTAL GLACIATION ON MOUNT KATAHDIN 

 BY GEORGE CARROLL CURTIS * 



{Abstract) 



Jackson, Bailey, Ilaiiilin. Tarr, and other geologists have reported on the 

 glaciation of the Mount Katahdin region. Professor Tarr's work being last and 



1 Introduced by E. O. Hovey. 



