ABSTRACTS OF PAPTSRS 109 



with the Nebraskan, the Kausan with the Mindel, the Illinoisan with the Riss, 

 and the Wisconsin, early and late, with the Wiirm. There are corresponding 

 interglacial stages. With the time units of Cliamberlin and Salisl)ury' — 

 2, 4, 8, 16 — in mind for the duration of the last three glaciations, based on the 

 degree of weathering of American glacial deposits, it is possible to construct 

 a curve similar to Penck's, but differing in length and the number of units 

 assigned to the interglacial stages. In tabular form the data appear as on 

 page 108. 



Presented in abstract from notes. 



GEOLOGIC DEPOSITS IN RELATION TO PLEISTOCENE MAN 

 BY CHESTEK A. KEEUS 



(Ahstract) 



The iiresent known distril)ution of Pleistocene man through southern Eu- 

 rope, tlie Mediterranean boi-der, and Java points to the conclusion that this 

 early man lived along river courses, on the adj.icent uplands, in caves and 

 grottoes which overlooked well defined river valleys, and on the seashore. 

 Human remains have been found entombed in a few caves within the region 

 of mountain glaciation — for example, Freudenthal, Kesslerloch, and Schwei- 

 zersbild, in Switzerland — but most of the finds have been made in the southern 

 non-glaciated portions of Europe. The vicissitudes and the ameliorations of 

 climate during the glacial and interglacial stages no doubt caused southward 

 or northward migrations of peoples or encoui'aged congestion in the limestone 

 caverns of Belgium, France, Germany, and northern Spain. With the re- 

 peated formation of continental ice-slieets on the Scandinavian plateau during 

 periods of glaciation and their movement outward in all directions across the 

 adjacent basins and lowlands of northern Europe, together with the appenr- 

 ance of ice-caps on the high mountains of southern Europe, the lowering of 

 the snow-line on the mountain slopes, the development of snow-caps on pla- 

 teaus of but moderate relief, the extension of the glaciers into aprons and 

 tongues on the piedmont areas, and the choking of the river valleys with ice 

 and deposits, glacial man must have felt that snow and ice wore the governing 

 forces. The warmer interglacial epochs were more to his liking. In the pres- 

 ent terrace and loess deposits along the river courses and in the cave and 

 grotto fillings eight human culture stages have been delimited within recent 

 years. They have been called, beginning at the bottom, pre-Chellean. Chellean, 

 Acheulean, and Mousterian as Lower Paleolithic, and Aurignacian, Solutrean, 

 Magdalenian, and Azylian-Tardenoisan as Upper Paleolithic. In the cavern 

 and grotto deposits of tlie Dordogne, southern France, most <>f the culture 

 stages appear in regular geologic sequence one above tlie other. Human re- 

 mains and culture stati<ms of Glacial, inter-Glacial, or post-Glacial age have 

 been riMiinl in sipiirnxiiuately tliice hundred dilft'rent localities. 



Presented in abstract fiom notes. 



aChamberlln and Salisbury : Text Book of Geology, vol. 111. lyotJ, p. 414. 



