PHYLOGENETIC SUMMARY 441 



Indrisida^ and the Anthropoidea ; Init in all their palseotelie characters, 

 especially of the hasicraninni, the Archaeolemurina^ are truly Indrisine, 

 as Elliot Smith has also observed in their brains. 



From some early member of the Archasolemurinas sprang the aberrant 

 Chiromys (Dauhentonm). This genus exhibits a rodent-like modifica- 

 tion of the Indrisine type. Its lower front teeth are probably not in- 

 cisors, but procumbent canines. Its gruli-eating habits are reflected in 

 the degenerate character of the cheek teeth. 



The second grand division of the Lemuroidea, as here classified, is 

 named the Lorisi formes, comprising the existing Lorisinse of Asia and 

 Africa and the Galaginae of Africa. The members of the Lorisiformes 

 combine the characters of the Lemuriforaies and of the Tarsiiformes in 

 a manner suggesting extensive parallelism with these groups. All the 

 Lorisiformes resemble the Lemuriformes in the lemur-like modification 

 of the incisors and canines. All show special resemblances with the 

 mouse lemurs in the manner in which the internal carotid artery enters 

 the brain-case, and some further parallel the mouse lemurs in the length- 

 ening of the tarsus. Nycticehns of the Lorisiformes is known to have 

 the placenta diffuse and adeciduous as in true Lemurs. On the other 

 hand, the Lorisiformes parallel the Tarsiiformes in the fact that the 

 ectotympauic, or tympanic annulus, instead of being completely covered 

 over by the bulla, as in the Lemuriformes, forms its outer margin, as in 

 the Tarsiiformes. The Galagos further parallel Necrolemur of the 

 Tarsiiformes in the form of the occiput and in the expansion of the 

 mastoid region, 'i'lic correct phylogenetic evaluation of these conflicting- 

 resemblances to tlie I.emuriform and Tarsiiform groups is still doubtful, 

 l)ut I incline in ihi' opiiiioii tliat tlie Lorisiformes are, on the whole, more 

 nearly alliiMl \n the Lciiiiiiiroi'ines ; that they may have come oflF from 

 some siiili ,111 A(la|ti(l as rnnnicficrhiis. as suggested by Grandidier. and 

 lliat the Iciiglliciiiiig of the tarsus, (exposure of the ectotynipanic, and 

 inflation nf the mastoid has occurred independently in the Lorisiformes 

 and 'I'arsii roi-nics. 



Tarsiiformes. — The tliiid and last great group of the Lemuroidea in- 

 cludes not oidy the existing Tarsius, but also the American Lower, Mid- 

 dle, and L])j)ci' Eocene "Anaptomorphidse" and th(> P]uropean Upper 

 Eocene Microchwrus and Necrolemur. 



Even in llic Lower Eocene of Morth America there were genera witli 

 large oi'ltil>, \rry nari-ow niuzzli'. and wide, round brain-case, wliidi 

 appear e.\1 1'cnic I y niodiTnizcd for such ancient types. The skull structure 

 of these Anaptonioiphida' is best known from a famous specimen named 

 by Cope Anaptoinorithus liniiiiin(ulu.s: Piirther development of the basi- 



