468 E. T. DUMBLE PROBLEM OF TEXAS TERTIARY SANDS 



Kennedy's original section^" shows at base calcareous clays overlain by 

 other clays and by gray stratified sands, with fossil palm-wood in quanti- 

 ties and with pebbles of quartz, jasper, flint, etcetera. Higher beds found 

 on the Texas & N'cav Orleans Railway south of Eockland are sandy clays 

 of various colors, with interbedded sands, and the upper beds of calcare- 

 ous clays were found near Woodville, south of which the Fleming is 

 overlain by the Lafayette. 



The Trinity Eiver section similarly shows at the base green-brown 

 clays with calcareous nodules. At Eed Bluff there are greenish gray 

 clays with calcareous nodules and cross-bedded sands in which bone 

 fragments are found. The exposure of these beds has here a maximum 

 thickness of 15 feet. In the middle of the exposure there is a layer of 

 oolitic shoreline limestone conglomerate a foot in thickness containing a 

 few jasper and quartz pebl)les of small size and an occasional bone frag- 

 ment. 



Similar beds are found a short distance below at Johnson's bluff, where 

 they also include fresh-water mollusks. These deposits extend along the 

 river to a point south of Drews Landing, near Smithfield. Here an out- 

 crop of Fleming, 10 feet in thickness, shows friable fine-grained gray 

 sandstone in lenticles at the base, with 5 feet of greenish gray, russet- 

 brown, mottled clay witli small, white calcareous nodules overlying it. 

 Fragments of bone were found in this. The Fleming is here overlain by 

 the Port Hudson, with the usual layer of Lafayette-derived pebbles at 

 the base. 



A mile below Drews Landing, in a section of o feet of light-gray Flem- 

 ing clay with calcareous nodules, a portion of the remains of a mastodon 

 was found. 



Cold Springs, west of the river, is in the midst of an important out- . 

 crop of the Fleming. In this region the Fleming brown and gray clay 

 has a considerable portion of brown, buff, and white sand. Locally there 

 are large boulders of grayish browoi, soft sandstone, some of which are 10 

 to 12 feet in length. There is also a fine-grained, hard, brown claystone 

 and numerous calcareous nodules. Crystals of selenite are found locally. 

 Pure white sand, with only a minor amount of clay, is also found. Fos- 

 sils of mammals were found in the region extending from 2 miles north 

 to 2 miles west of Cold Springs. The bones, with the exception of a 

 mastodon's skull (TrilopJiodon), are fragmentary and are scattered 

 through the clays. Planorhis was also found at this locality. 



Baker describes the Fleming of the ISTavasota region as follows : 



S9 Third Anu. Rept. Geol. Surv. Texas, pp. 117-121. 



