DESCRIPTIONS OF FORMATIONS 469 



"The lowermost Fleming is exposed in a cut on the International & Great 

 Northern Railway 3 miles north of Anderson, where there is feet of green 

 sandy clay very poorly laminated, carrying calcareous cemented nodules of 

 sandstones. From Anderson to Navasota the railroad passes over Fleming, 

 which is here composed mainly of clays, but locally of gray and brown sands 

 and sandstones. Seven miles northeast of Navasota and half a mile east of 

 Becker flat-topped mesas capped by sandstones and very arenaceous limestone 

 begin and continue nearly all the way to Navasota. These are entirely south 

 and east of the track and rise to 100 feet above the track level. The Fleming 

 in this vicinity consists of the following materials : 



"1. Sands of all textures from the finest up to coarse grit or fine C(jn- 

 glomerate. 



"2- Brown and dirty green clays with calcareous nodules. 



"3. Very arenaceous, thin, irregular-bedded, and concretionary limestone. 



"4. Clay ball conglomerate in a coarse sand matrix. 



"All of these materials are either channel or littoral deposits. Mammalian 

 bones are found in a layer of coarse grit or fine conglomerate. They are 

 fragmentary, sometimes water-worn, and are associated with rolled Cretaceous 

 fossils. Petrified wood, differing from that of the older formations in being 

 less consolidated, lighter in weight, and duller in luster, was found with the 

 bones and shells. Fresh-water shells (unios) are foimd in abundance in the 

 clays between 3 and 4 miles north of Navasota in shallow guUeys just east 

 of the right of way. The bones are found in the deeper gulleys to the east 

 of the second mile-post." 



South of Navasota the Fleming continues to 11/^ miles south of Crooks, 

 where the Lafayette begins, the uppermost Fleming being made up of 

 dirty green clays with white calcareous nodules. AVest of this it con- 

 tinues southward and is exposed at the Houston & Texas Central Rail- 

 road crossing of Clear Creek, just east of Hempstead, where it has the 

 appearance of the Lagarto of the Nueces section and, like it, carries 

 manganese as fragments of wad. 



The invertebrate fossils collected at the Burkeville locality were sub- 

 mitted to J)r. \y. H. Dall, who had already had other collections from 

 the same locality, the result of the study of which is given by Matson.*" 

 Ten species are listed from Burkeville, and Matson states that the char- 

 acter of the fauna led Doctor Dall to refer it to the Pliocene. This is the 

 only locality at which this fauna has been found on the surface. In a 

 well at Terry, 6G miles south of Burkeville, however, at a depth of 3,000 

 feet, the same forms were found in abundance, and in a second well, a 

 mile or more south dF the first, they continued to the bottom of the drill- 

 hole, wliicli was a little iiHU'c! than 1,000 t'oet below the surface. Doctor 

 Dall dctci-niiiicil tlu' fdllnw iu^j- forms from these wells: 



^^U. S. Geological Siiivi-.v Waler-siipply Taper No. .'WO, pp. 72-73. 



