472 E. T. D.UMBLE PROBLEM OF TEXAS TERTIARY SANDS 



351. Two miles north of Cold Springs. 



"Cervid {? Dromomeryx) radius. 

 "Trionycliid plate. 



Indicated age, DromomcTyx is Middle Miocene to Lower Pliocene, 

 but this evidence is very slight. 



352. Red Blufe, Trinity River. 



''Protohippine horse, lower tooth. 



Indicated age, Middle ^Miocene to Pliocene ; nothing more definite. 



.'549. Two and one-fourth miles north of Navasota. 



"Merychippus, small species, cf. M. sever suh, but probably not identical, 

 upper molar and fragments of foot bones. 



Indicated age. Middle Miocene, ]»ut Upper Miocene or Lower Plio- 

 cene is not excluded. 

 "Rhinoceros, cf. Aphelops, fragments of teeth, head of radius. 



Indicated age, Miocene.- 

 "Camelid, cf. Protolahis or Procamelus, fragment lower molar, astragalus, 

 navicular, unciform, fragments of foot bones, ? symphysis of jaw. 

 Indicated age, Miocene or Pliocene. 

 "Testudo, large species, carapace fragments. 

 ••Crocodilian, fragments of skull. 



"(ieneral conclusions : Fauna of Navasota and Cold Springs localities appears 

 to be the same. It is certainly not earlier than Middle Miocene of Osborn's 

 correlation, nor younger than Lower Pliocene. Absence of all character- 

 istically Upper Miocene or Lower Pliocene mammals points to Middle Miocene 

 as the proper correlation. But there are two points which should be consid- 

 ered as making for a possible later date than the comparison indicates: (1) 

 Our land faunas are mo.stly derived from the north and northwest, and older 

 types may have lingered longer along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts than in the 

 northwest, thus making the fauna seem older than it is; (2) Knowlton re- 

 gards the Mascall on plant evidence as Upper Miocene. This, if accepted, 

 would set our whole scale of continental Neocene horizons a little higher than 

 does ()sborn"s correlation. If you give much weight to these considerations, 

 they might serve to set the correlation up to Upper Miocene. The fauna is 

 quite decidedly older than the Blanco. 



'•A parallel case occurs in Mexico, where Freudenberg has described a 

 mammal fauna of Pleistocene age, but largely of Pliocene type, as compared 

 with our Plains succession." 



So far as reported, no vertebrate fossils have been found in the Fleming 

 which are referable to the BJanco or other later Pliocene horizon. 



The horij^on from which the Navasota fossils were taken and that of 

 the Burkeville fossils are similarly related to the Corrigan-Fleming con- 

 tact and are near the base of the Fleming l)eds. The Cold Springs hori- 

 zon is mnch higher and is in the upper half of the Fleming. It would, 



