30 PRO< EEDINGS OF TORONTO MEETING. 



Mv observations upon the Muir glacier, in Alaska, confirm this view of the case. 

 \\ here the ice projects upon the mainland there is no precipitous wall as where it 

 del nt" the water .>t" the inlet, but the ice gradually diminishes in amount and 



I*.. rni- an incline] plane ; and for a mile or more the debris borne upon the surface of 

 the glacier is carried over the incline of the ice-front and deposited upon it to such a 

 . I • • 1 . 1 1 1 as almost wholly to ( II re is an instance of the way such accumula- 



tions take place in an actually retreating ice-front. Were the ice t<> re-advance, in- 

 ishing this material along in front, the upper strata would move over it. 

 phenon onected with the lifting of boulders in the ice Bhould be con- 



in this .-anie connection, [n our report upon the glacial boundary in Penn- 

 vania, mention is made of large numbers of boulders on the top <>f Kittatinny 



mountain which must have 1 n brought from Ledges whose out-crop is several hun- 



t lower. Prom the direction ol the strisa, Professor Lewis supposed they must 

 have come from Godfrey's Ridge, which is a thousand feel lower than the Bummit of 



Kittatinny mountain, and not more than twelv ■ fifteen miles distant. Professor 



1. rs that the rock of which these boulders consist is nowhere found in pli 



than 500 feet below their present situation. 

 1 have noticed also the absence of sandstone, -hale, and limestone boulders from 

 the marginal belt, but accounted for it by the same considerations which Professor 

 Winchell has presented, namely, a survival of the fittest. The Archaean rocks are 



ter fitted to survive the transportation than rock- of a softer nature and than th 

 which a susceptible to dissolving agencies. 



r jsor C. H. Hitchcock : It is quite exhilarating to an eastern man to hear about 



the transportation of these boulders bo many miles. It is with great difficulty we can 



find anything that has gone more than forty or fifty miles. „,, the question can be studied 



to 1" tt' r advantage in the west than in the east. There u one point 1 wish to ask Pro- 



l lhamberlin about. I underst 1 him to refer to the transportation of material 



in the upper part of the ice as different from that lower down. 1 desire to know if it 



i- a common thine; to make out that the upper part of a glacier is transporting ma- 

 terial in an altogether different direction from that in the lower. In reference to 

 boulder fans, I think the term is a very happy expression j it reminds me somewhat 

 of a similar dispersion we have in the east, and I thought it possible that the scatter- 

 ing of the fragments could 1 xplained by the transportation of the upper part differ- 

 ently from the lower. 



tmple is what I have described in the New Hampshire report, the boulders 

 rting from Bit. Ajcutney, in Windsor, Vermont, an isolated peak about 8,000 feet 

 ai. I onnecticut river. Its material is a peculiar granite not easily con- 



founded with an\ other rock. The disposal of the boulder has been recognized on radial 

 line - with each other, and the greatest distance of trans- 



portation is fifty mill 



.i.i n : The observation of Profi r Wright regarding the trans- 

 portation of boulders from a lower to a higher elevation d nol m to me to appeal 



but tl rdinary laws of fiowage. Boulders within a current of ice 



pended in a current of water; they are merely material car- 



»n. Tin- material rises and falls according to the inequalities of the 



cried near the bottom, and if it is carried near the 



anoral declii f the surfa N ling over the weir 



, .v.-tneiit, .mi ..I those foil ad 

 ■ ■ ai Haul glacier, 



