CONRAD S NAME, "SALMON RIVER.' 341 



nificant extent embraced within the folds of the older rocks or restiug upon 

 the primordial beds of the fundamental rocks of the valley. The graptolites 

 of the valley of the Hudson were referred to the primordial fauna by Mr 

 Billings, and the slates of the valley of the Hudson were claimed by Sir 

 William Logan to belong to the primordial period, and not to the Lower Si- 

 lurian as supposed by the New York state geologists. 



From the data obtained subsequent to 1862, Professor Hall decided that 

 the graptolites and all other fossils collected belonged to the second fauna — 

 i. e., from the localities within the valley of the Hudson to which he refers. 

 He says in conclusion : 



" It [the term Hudson River group] has been accepted in geological nomenclature 

 and it is incorporated in all our publications. We cannot, now, apply the term Cincin- 

 nati, or any other name to the shales and sandstones which exist in great development 

 along the Hudson river, extending thence to the Mohawk and its tributaries, and 

 traced in wide extension and highly fossiliferous character throughout the north- 

 western counties of New York." * 



Dr. Ebenezer Emmons studied the strata between the Trenton limestone 

 and the Medina sandstone in Jefferson county and the adjoining county 

 of Oswego, New York, and proposed the name Lorraine for the rocks be- 

 tween the Utica shale and the Oswego sandstone, f He described with con- 

 siderable detail the lithological characters of the Lorraine series, and figured 

 the following fossils as characteristic of the upper portion : Ambonychia 

 radiata, Cyrtolites ornatus, Trinucleus concentricus, Strophomena alternala 

 Modiolopsis modiolaris, Orthoceras cequalis, Avicula demissa, and Orthis tesiu- 

 dinaria. 



Reference is again made to the Lorraine series in a general description of 

 the New York formations in 1847.J In speaking of the term Hudson River 

 group, he says : § 



" The only reason assigned for the name was that this subdivision presented certain 

 peculiarities arising from a disturbance it had suffered along the Hudson river. The 

 Hudson river region, however, presents no facilities for the examination of the upper 

 part of the Lower Silurian ; it is only at Lorraine or Pulaski, in the neighborhood 

 of Rome, in New York, that this part of the series can.be examined satisfactorily." 



As geologist of the third district of New York, Mr. T. A. Conrad described 

 and named in his first report on the district|| the " Gray Sandstones and 



Shales of Salmon River," or the series of alternating layers of gray sandstone 

 and dark lead-colored, friable shales situated above the limestone of Trenton 



* Loc. cit, p. 264. 



t Geol. N. y., Survey Second Geol. Dist., 1842, p. 119. 



JAgric. N. Y., vol. 1, 1847, pp. 134, 135; and again in his American Geology, 1856 : ami in the little 

 Manual of Geology of 1859-60. 



I Am. Geol., vol. 1, pt. 2, 1856, p. 125. 

 I 1837, p. 164. 



