38 \. W1M lll'l.l. — RESULTS OF \l:< IlKW STUDIES. 



cal schists he refers a.< « irJitifc to the Bystem of crystalline schists. Ii i> 

 thus very easy to make the horizontal schists answer for the next overlying 



-i. in above the crystalline. But the truth is that only the vertical schists 

 at the right or north of the diagram represent the crystalline schists and 

 gneisses, while those at the left of these, quite conformable in their verti- 

 cally, are the semi-crystalline schists. (Compare figure 9, above.) These 

 prolonged to Vermilion lake contain the great hematite deposits. In assum- 

 ing so violent a break between the crystalline schists and the next succeed- 

 ing group we have an indication that he had not yet remarked the universal 

 conformity which subsists between them. Such an unconformable contact 

 has been nowhere observed. In locating the Vermilion iron beds in a hori. 

 zontal formation, he must have forgotten the fact that they stand in a 

 vertical attitude. 



Notwithstanding the earlier knowledge of the existence of an unconformity 

 at this place, I was myself, perhaps, the firsl to identify the two discordant 

 formations and appreciate the significance of their discordance. My brother 

 -;iv-: "This outcrop is -upposed to belong to what the Canadian geologists 

 have styled Buronian. It underlie- thequartzite and guntlint beds [siliceous 

 Bchists], apparently unconformably. At least it is another and distinct for- 

 mation from the slates at Grand Portage" {Report, L880, p. 82 . Return- 

 ing to this spot; in the Tenth Report \ for L881, p. ss he says: "The close 

 proximity of this flint and jasper locality to the next great underlying forma- 

 tion (syenite and slates i makes it one of great interest to the geologist, but 

 so far as scrutinized as yet the true relations of the two formation- are not 

 revealed by anything here Been, though there seems to be an unconforma- 

 bility between them." Professor [rving {Amer. .Jour. Sbt., \xxiv. p. 261 

 says: "On the north side of the latter [Gunflint] lake, and again to the 

 north of the next hike to the east, called North lake, the unconformable 

 abutment of the Animike series against an older formation of granite and 

 Bchists i- very handsomely shown." By "granite and Bchists" he means the 

 gneiss and crystalline schists, as is shown by naming the Animike flat- 

 lying schists as the horizon of the Vermilion ore- -contrary, however, to the 

 facts. In my announcement which appeared in the American Journal oj 

 Seienet for October, 1887, I said: "I have discovered the unconformable 

 Buperposition of the Animike Bchists on the Blates of the Vermilion b< i 

 [meaning the Vermilion iron-bearing Beries now called Kewatin]. The 



• Pi later, the .same disproved Interpretatioi 



itei thai in v description "i tit conformity »>»■< published 



months later." in fact, it appeared in December. whil< Prol crip 



Hon mber; but my first announcement was in October and Irvlng's was reallj in 



ir Van n "I he :> i he 



iimes that the schists referi mrringui fi 



. i: tin- iron ores In and :•.>•••■; - tod Ely, Mum- sol i rhla 



• » i Ighi i" take the question .-i- 

 •• myself traced their physical continuity sii timi impetenl on the 



Mini ■ t, all together, no( in twenty-two times. This Is no 



'• question 



