OBSERVATIONS OF CHAMBERLIN AND SMOCK. 175 



Smock very generously put these facts into his jwssession. Their nature 

 was altogether in keeping with the facts which President Chamberlin and 

 the writer had independently discovered two years since, and Professor 

 Smock's inferences corresponded with our own. 



Results of recent Studies. 



Critical Localities and Exposures. — During the months of July and 

 August, L891, the localities which had raised the question of an extra- 

 Qiorainic glacial drift in Professor Smock's mind were visited by the 

 writer and examined in detail, and many other localities were found 

 where the same class of phenomena are to be seen. Some of these local- 

 ities, because of their geographic positions and relations, seem to be 

 crucial so far as the question of extra-morainic drift is concerned; and 

 although the work on the Pleistocene formations of New Jersey is hut 

 begUn, a few of the facts already developed arc thought to be of suffi- 

 cient importance to warrant statement before this Society. 



At Oxford Furnace, at an elevation of between 500 feet and 600 feet, 

 there is an accumulation of surface material which is certainly not of 

 local origin, it is partly stratified and partly unstratilied. It contains 

 large bowlders of various kinds of rock, many of which show unmistak- 

 able signs «»f ice wear. They are so associated with clay that the un- 

 stratified portions of the material have the aspect of till. The relation of 

 the stratified to the unstratified material is such as may often be observed 

 in glacial drift. 



This locality is not more than two miles south of the terminal moraine, 

 and its altitude is slightly less than that of the moraine. Since this is 

 the fact, and since the material is in part stratified, it might be inferred 

 thai the surface materials at ( )xford Furnace are not hing more than deriva- 

 tives from the moraine: but a critical examination of the material itself 

 is fatal to this hypothesis. If this material were derived from the moraine 

 by the action of water (an hypothesis which has found currency for simi- 

 lar formations similarly disposed elsewhere) its origin should he revealed 

 in it^ structure and composition : hut both its structure and composition 

 show that it is not overwash material. Much of it is unstratified, and 

 the relation of the stratified to the unstratilied parts is most complex and 

 not within the power of water, acting alone, to produce. Overwash 

 gravel plains "flanking the moraine are well developed in the vicinity. 

 and their constitution and structure are well known. They consist uni- 

 formly of water-worn gravel mingled with sand. Earthy material is 

 wanting. The unstratified material ;it < Ixford Furnace, on the other hand, 

 i- a tough bowldery clav with its stony material abundantly striated, and 



