ISO I!. I). SALISBURY — EXTRA-MORAINIC DRIFT. 



writer ;il and near Monmouth Junction, nearly twenty miles from the 

 moraine at its nearest point and fully forty miles south of the moraine 

 on the same meridian. Glaciated material has also been found at 

 Kingston, about halfway between New Brunswick and Trenton. It has 

 been found in Pennsylvania about three miles west of Trenton, near 

 Falsingham. The similarity of the surface material of this locality to 

 glacial drift (till) was first recognized by Professor Smock. Striated 

 materia] has also been found at Bridgeport (opposite Norristown), Penn- 

 sylvania, by Mr. Peet and the writer, at least ten miles south of the 

 parallel of Trenton. As at Falsingham, the striated material is here im- 

 bedded in clay of such a character that, were the locality known to have 

 been covered by ice, its reference to till would be fully warranted. This 

 locality is nearly or quite fifty miles south of the nearest point of the 

 moraine. Striated material has also been found near Sunbury, Penn- 

 sylvania, between 25 and 30 miles south of the moraine in this longitude 

 and at an elevation between 500 feet and 600 feet above the Susquehanna 

 at that point. In all the localities last mentioned striation is relatively 

 rare, but some of them have afforded bowlderets as beautifully striated 

 as those of the Alpine glaciers of to-day. , 



SroXTFICANCE OF THE OBSERVATIONS. 



General Bearing. — The foregoing statements give facts selected from a 

 much larger body of data in the writer's possession concerning the distri- 

 bution and nature and relations of extra-morainic surface formations. In 

 the judgment of the writer these facts are sufficient to warrant the conclu- 

 sion that glaciation extended further southward than the published mo- 

 raine, both in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. 



It is not to be understood that the writer would imply that land-ice 

 has covered every region where glaciated material is found. The possi- 

 bility of water transportation of glaciated material beyond the edge of 

 land-ice is distinctly recognized, but it is not believed that water alone, 

 or water bearing glacially derived bergs, could produce all the results 

 which have been observed. Neither the physical and chemical condition 

 of the material nor its geographic and vertical distribution are consistent 

 with such an hypothesis. 



From the character and relations of this extra-morainic drift, particu- 

 larly from the degree of its oxidation, disintegration and erosion, it is 

 confidently believed that it is to he regarded as the equivalent of the 

 oldest glacial drift of the interior. 



Number of Ice Invasions. — The conviction has been growing for some 

 time in the mind of the writer that the coninion.lv accepted division of 



