PRIORITY OF TERM " KINDERHOOK." 289 



Soon afterward Worthen * published further details, especially in re- 

 gard to the typical locality, Kinderhook, Illinois. Various sections in 

 the neighborhood were fully described, leaving no doubt as to the real 

 limits that were intended to be assigned to theterrane. On the opposite 

 side of the river, in Missouri, the exposures are almost continuous for 

 more than thirty miles and show well the relations from the "black 

 shale" to the upper division of the Burlington limestone. 



In the Iowa section Whitef recognized as Kinderhook the Burlington 

 rocks previously called Chemung, together with a few feet of what was 

 once considered as belonging to the superimposed stratum. 



The " Chouteau " group takes its name from the leading member of 

 this three-fold division, the Chouteau limestone. The application in this 

 sense was first made by Broadhead,'j who used the term to cover the 

 same limits as Swallow's " Chemung " in the earlier Missouri reports. 

 Very recently the name apparently has been extended by Williams ^ to 

 embrace the lower Carboniferous littoral deposits (Waverly grits, etc ) and 

 the open sea deposits of argillaceous and calcareous material (Kinderhook 

 shales and limestones). 



From the foregoing it appears that in the states bordering the Mis- 

 sissippi river the term Kinderhook has priority in the naming of the 

 lower member of the lower Carboniferous as now generally understood. 

 Whether or not Waverly or Marshall, as the rocks of probably the same 

 age in Ohio and Michigan are called, should replace Meek and Worthen's 

 name remains to be seen. These were probably littoral deposits. Both 

 lithologically and faunally they are sufficiently distinct from the more 

 western deposits to make a separate designation desirable. 



Louisiana Limestone. — Swallow's Lithographic limestone is exposed best 

 perhaps at Louisiana, in Pike county, Missouri, where it attains a maxi- 

 mum thickness of more than GO feet. As its early name suggests, its 

 texture is very similar to that of the stones used in lithography ; hut this 

 peculiarity does not extend throughout its entire range. It is usually 

 rather thinly bedded, the layers being from four to six inches in thick- 

 ness, and wherever exposed stands in high, mural escarpments, with 

 every appearanceof artificial masonry. The lower layers are moreor less 

 arenaceous, ami yield numerous fossils. At Louisiana tins limestone 

 rests on a dark clayey shale, whose thickness is about six feet, and this 

 again on ;i compact, buff, magnesian Limerock, probably of Silurian age. 



Hannibal Shales. — The Hannibal shales ( Vermicular shales o{' Swallow ) 

 have a maximum thickness of aboul 75 feet :it the typical Locality. In 



*Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. i. 186C, p. 108. 

 | * reology nl' lnu,i. Mil. i. 1870, \>. 192. 



i ■■■Hi Sur Missouri, 1874, |>. 2G. 



Bui I S. < Seol Sur . no. 80, 1891, p 169 



