bufo. 235 



convex than in B. vulgaris and a little deeper than the 

 lower; the depth of the muscular part of the tail 

 about half the greatest total depth. 



Brown or greyish-olive above, uniform or with 

 small darker spots ; belly greyish-white ; caudal crests 

 greyish-white, with or without small brown spots or 

 dots. 



Total length 44 mm. ; body 18 mm. ; width of body 

 13 mm. ; tail 26 mm. ; depth of tail 9 mm. 



Habitat. — This species has a very wide geographical 

 range, but is absent from Western Europe. It 

 inhabits the whole of Central and Southern Europe 

 as far west as the Rhine (from Elberfeld to Mayence) 

 and the Alps, the Balearic and other islands of the 

 Mediterranean, North Africa from Morocco to Lower 

 Egypt, and South-western and Central Asia as far 

 east as Mongolia,* Eastern Turkestan, Afghanistan, 

 and the Himalayas. In Europe it is found in Southern 

 Sweden, Gothland, Denmark, Russia, Germany, with 

 exception of the north-west and extreme south-west, 

 Austria - Hungary, and all the countries east of 

 the Adriatic, Switzerland south of the Alps, the Alps 

 of Savoy near the Italian frontier, and all over Italy. 

 It reaches an altitude of nearly 6500 feet in Savoy, 

 and ascends to 15,000 feet in the Himalaya, the highest 

 point at which a Batrachian has yet been observed. 



A female specimen from Turin, received from Count 

 Peracca, is figured on PI. XI. Variations in the 

 markings are represented on PI. XII ; figs. 1 — 3, 

 from Cyprus ; fig. 4, from Casablanca, Morocco ; and 

 fig. 5, from between Quetta and Nushki, Baluchistan. 



* There is also an indication of this toad in Manchuria {Bufo 

 variabilis, var. amurensis, Maack, ' Voy. Amour,' p. 153, 1859), which I 

 suspect to be based on a confusion with Bvfo raddii, Strauch. 



