211 



Family 3.— BUFONID^E. 



Vertebrae procoelous, without autogenous ribs ; dia- 

 pophyses of sacral vertebra dilated. Teeth absent. 



This large family, comprising nine genera, is distri- 

 buted over the whole world except Madagascar, 

 Papuasia, and the islands of the Pacific. Only one 

 genus is represented in the Pal atretic region. 



A Himalayan genus, Cophophryne, Blgr., founded 

 on a small toad with vertical pupil, and with the 

 sacral vertebra provided with very strongly dilated 

 diapophyses and a single condyle for articulation with 

 the urostyle, effects the passage from the preceding 

 family, from which the true toads differ in the total 

 absence of teeth. 



(3. Bufo. 



Laurenti, Syn. Rept., p. 25 (1768). — Partirn. 



Pupil horizontal. Vomerine teeth none. Tongue 

 elliptical or pyriform, entire and free behind. 

 Tympanum distinct or hidden. Fingers free, toes 

 more or less webbed ; outer metatarsals bound 

 together. Diapophyses of sacral vertebra moderately 

 dilated ; two condyles for articulation with urostyle. 

 Omosternum absent ; sternum a cartilaginous plate. 



Fig. 78. 



Open mouth of Bufo calamita. 



The genus Bufo, of which some 100 species are 

 known, has representatives in most parts of the world, 

 with the exception of Madagascar, Papuasia, Australia, 



