RANA. 265 



13. Rana esculenta. 

 (Plates XVI and XVII.) 



Rosel, Hist. Ran., p. 53, pis. xiii — xvi (1758). 



Rana esculenta, Linnaeus, Faun. Suec, 2nd ed., p. 102 (1761), and 

 Syst. Nat., i, p. 357 (1766) ; Laurenti, Syn. Rept., pp. 31 and 

 136 (1768) ; Midler, Zool. Dan. Prodr., p. 35 (1776) ; Sturm, 

 Deutschl. Faun., iii, Heft 1 (1799) ; Shaw, Gen. Zool., iii, p. 

 103, pi. xxxi (1802) ; David in, Hist. Rain. Gren. Crap., p. 46, 

 pi. xv, fig. 1 (1803), and Hist. Rept., viii, p. 90 (1803); Eich- 

 wald, Zool. Spec. Ross. Pol., iii, p. 166 (1831) ; Schlegel, 

 Faun. Japon., Rept., p. 109, pi. iii, fig. 1 (1836) ; Bonaparte, 

 Icon Faun. Ital., Rett. Anf. (1837) ; Nilsson, Skand. Faun., 

 Ami'., p. 88 (1842) ; Bell, Brit. Rept., 2nd ed., p. 110, fig. 

 (1849) ; Massalongo, Erp. Veron., p. 47 (1854) ; Giinther, Cat. 

 Batr. Sal., p. 12 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind., p. 408 (1864) ; 

 Collin, Naturh. Tidsskr. (3). vii, 1869, p. 280; Koch, Ber. 

 Senck. Ges., 1872, p. 135; Fatio, Vert. Suisse, iii, p. 312 

 (1872); De Betta, Faun. Ital., Rett. Anf., p. 63 (1874); 

 Boettger, Abh. Senck. Ges., ix, 1874, p. 165 ; Schreiber, 

 Herp. Eur., p. 177 (1875) ; Leydig, An. Batr., p. 104 (1877) ; 

 Lessona, Atti Ace. Lincei, Mem. CI. Sc. fis., i, 1877, p. 1050, 

 pl. i; Lataste, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1880, p. 61; Came- 

 rano, Bull. Ass. Franc., 1881, p. 680; Boulenger, Cat. Batr. 

 Ecaud., p. 38 (1882); Pfluger, Arch. Ges. Physiol., xxix, 

 1882, p. 67 ; Camerano, Mem. Ace. Torin. (2), xxxv, 1883, p. 

 241, pl. i, fig. 1 ; Boulenger, The Zool., 1884, pp. 220 and 265, 

 and Proc. Zool. Soc, 1884, p. 573, pl. lv ; Heron-Royer, Bull. 

 Soc. Et. Sc. Angers, xiv, 1885, p. 110; Bedriaga, Bull. Soc. 

 Nat. Moscou, 1889, p. 242 ; Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1891, 

 pp. 374 and 604, pl. xlv, fig. 1; Mehely, Beitr. Mon. Kronstadt, 

 Herp., p. 51 (1892) ; Douglass, Herp. Baden, p. 38 (1894) ; 

 Wei-ner, Rept. Amph. Oesterr.-Ung., p. 86 (1897) ; Diirigen, 

 Deutscbl. Amph., p. 422, pl. iv, fig. 1 (1897). 



Rana riclibunda, Pallas, Reise, i, p. 458 (1771). 



Rana chinensis, Osbeck, Voy. China, i, p. 299 (1771); Bonna- 

 terre, Encycl. Meth., Erp., p. 6 (1789). 



Rana vulgaris, Lacepede, Quadr. Ov. i, Syn. Meth. and p. 503 

 (1788). 



Rana maritima, Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur. Mer.. iii, p. 92 (1826) ; 

 Bonaparte, 1. c. (1839) ; Girard, U. S. Explor. Exped., Herp., 

 p. 25, pl. ii, figs. 7—12 (1858). 



Rana cachinnans, Pallas, Zoogr. Ross. -As., iii, p. 7, pl. i, figs. 1 

 and 2 (1831); Eichwald, Zool. Spec, iii, p. 166, and Faun. 

 Casp.-Cauc, iii, p. 126, pl. xxx (1841). 



Rana caucasica, Pallas, 1. c. 



Rana clentex, Krynicki, Bull. Soc Nat. Moscou, 1837, pt. iii, p. 63, 

 pl. ii. 



