51 



The following species were examined : 

 Sanninoidea exitiosa Say 

 Synanthedon tipuliformis Clerck, acemi Clemens, pictipes Grote and 



Robinson, pyri Harris, scitula Harris 

 Parharmonia pini Kellicott 

 Podosesia syringae Harris 



Memythrus asilipennis Boisduval, dollii Neumoegen 

 Bembecia marginata Harris 



Superfamily TORTRICOIDEA 



This superfamily, like the Aegerioidea, is distinguished by the pres- 

 ence of two rows of spines on the dorsum of most of the abdominal 

 segments. The Tortricoidea form a more compact group than the 

 Aegerioidea in regard to the arrangement of appendages, which varies 

 so little throughout the families that any member of the superfamily 

 may be easily recognized by this arrangement, together with the pres- 

 ence of spines on the abdominal segments. This characteristic arrange- 

 ment is shown in Figures 38, 40, 41, and 44. There are often projec- 

 tions from the head, much as in the Aegerioidea, but there are never as 

 many head sutures present. The thorax shows the alar furrows in 

 many instances but they are never as well developed as in the preced- 

 ing superfamily, and never have sharp chitinized edges. The abdomen 

 also shows a greater degree of specialization and its fixed caudal seg- 

 ments are much more strongly consolidated, the sutures being very 

 difficult to determine in many cases. The seventh segment has also 

 become firmly fixed in the female. 



It was found impossible to group the pupae of this superfamily 

 according to any of the schemes of classification now in use. The four 

 groups into which the Tortricoidea discussed in the following pages 

 have been divided are designated as Epiblemidae, Olethreutidae, Tor- 

 tricidae, and Sparganothidae. These names, however, are without any 

 significance whatever as far as previous classifications are concerned, 

 and are merely used as a matter of convenience. Lack of material 

 has prevented further study in this group at present, so it has been 

 impossible to determine the correct family names. No attempt has 

 been made to bring the nomenclature up to date. The generic names 

 used by Meyrick and Walsingham have been followed as nearly as 

 possible. 



The four groups or families of Tortricoidea must have had a 

 common ancestor, but owing to the development of the maxillary pal- 

 pus within the groups it would be' impossible to consider one as 

 derived from another. The line of development appears to have 



