62 



caudal ones. There is some degree of movement between the seventh 

 and eighth abdominal segments in both sexes, but it is apparently 

 greater in the male. The arrangement of parts may be seen in 

 Figures 48 and 49. The head does not show all of the sutures found 

 in the Eriocraniidae, but the epicranial and fronto-clypeal sutures are 

 always present. The appendages are all free and segmented as in the 

 Eriocraniidae, and the thoracic appendages are widely separated to 

 show all the coxae. There is a strong resemblance between this family 

 and the more generalized members of the Eucleoidea, but the presence 

 of the large maxillary palpi prevents their being included in that super- 

 family. The spiracles are visible on the first abdominal segment, and 

 the length of the thoracic segments indicates a very generalized condi- 

 tion. The genital opening of the male is located as shown in Figure 

 48. In the females there is an area covered with setae on the venter 

 of the eighth segment, as in the Eriocraniidae, but no openings could 

 be accurately determined. 



The following species were examined : 

 Nepticula nyssaefoliella Chambers, platanella Clemens. 



Family Heliozelidae 



This family includes some very small pupae which measure only 

 2-3 mm. in length. They have all the appendages free and widely 

 separated. The cuticle is transparent and the body white in color, with 

 the conjunctiva so little differentiated that it was impossible to deter- 

 mine the number of free segments with accuracy. Segments 2-7 in 

 the male and 2-8 in the female have some power of motion, but 

 whether this is movement of the whole segment in the case of the 

 second and third, or merely dorsal movement, was not determined. 

 The family (Fig. 50) is characterized by its short antennae, and its 

 long labrum which projects down over the labial palpi. They also 

 have shorter appendages than any of the other families with transpar- 

 ent cuticle and white bodies, because in all others the metathoracic 

 legs and antennae extend considerably beyond the caudal margin of 

 the wings and are often longer than the body. The epicranial suture 

 is near the cephalic margin of the head. While this family may have 

 retained more free segments than the Gracilariidae it is undoubtedly 

 more specialized than some of the genera in that family. The pro- 

 thorax is much longer at its lateral margins than on the meson; there 

 is no trace of maxillary palpi, and the labial palpi are not so well 

 developed as in the generalized Gracilariidae. 



The genera included in this family have long been associated with 

 the Elachistidae, but the pupae show no resemblance whatever to this 



