64 



rest. Dyar's list names but one species of Coptotriche, but three dis- 

 tinct types of pupae have been obtained from mines in oak leaves. 

 Unfortunately no adults have yet emerged from these, so the species 

 can not be determined. The genera may be separated as follows : 



a. Caudal margin of the dorsum of the second abdominal segment heavily 

 chitinized and toothed, the teeth being larger than the adjoining 

 spines Coptotriche Walsingham. 



aa. Caudal margin of the dorsum of the second abdominal segment not 

 heavily chitinized or toothed Tischeria Zeller. 



The following species were examined : 

 Coptotriche zelleriella Clemens 



Tischeria aenea Frey and Boll, malifoliclla Clemens, hcliopsisella 

 Chambers 



Family Bucculatrigidae 



This family, Bucculatrigidae, including the single genus Buccu- 

 latrix, has .been placed in various positions by different authors. It 

 is quite evident that it is more specialized than most other families of 

 the Gracilarioidea in the loss of the labial palpi and that it has pro- 

 ceeded along a different line of development. Nevertheless, no one can 

 fail to see the relationship between the pupae of the Bucculatrigidae 

 and the other members of this superfamily, particularly to some of the 

 species of Cameraria where there is a lateral projection from each side 

 of the tenth segment and a distinct row of larger spines on the dorsum 

 of the abdominal segments. The lack of labial palpi, together with the 

 spines on the abdominal segments, is sufficient to distinguish the 

 family from all the others included in the superfamily. The arrange- 

 ment of parts may be seen in Figures 55 and 56. The pupae examined 

 had an average length of 3 mm. 



The following species were examined : 

 Bucculatrix sp., pomifoliella Clemens, trifasciella Clemens. 



Family Lyonetiidae 



This family is a very difficult one to place satisfactorily by pupal 

 characters alone, as it has completely lost the power of motion in the 

 abdominal segments and all the appendages are soldered down. This 

 is another of the families which has been a source of anxiety to many 

 lepidopterists. The shape of the prothorax, the length of the vertex, 

 together with that of the wings and appendages as compared with the 

 body, the small tubular spiracles, and the absence of maxillary palpi 

 seem without any doubt to indicate its relationship to the members 

 of the superfamily Gracilarioidea and consequently it is included here. 



