69 



veloped a cremaster, but is more like Cameraria. It may have been 

 developed from the same stem as Cameraria, but its development is 

 more likely to have been parallel with that of the family Gracilariidae. 

 The body is considerably more chitinized, however, than in any mem- 

 ber of that family. This family includes a single genus, Phyllocnistis 

 Zeller, in which the pupae are from 3-4 mm. in length. 



The following species were examined : 

 Phyllocnistis am pel op si sella Chambers, insignis Frey and Boll. 



Specialized pupae with pilif ers 



There are two superfamilies of Lepidoptera, the Pyralidoidea and 

 the Papilionoidea, in which the pilif ers are enormously developed, and 

 their presence is indicated in the pupa by lobes which extend from the 

 caudo-lateral angles of the labrum towards the meson and in many 

 instances are adjacent on the meson (Figs. 70, 72, 74, j6, 79; pf). 

 Besides the presence of these lobes there are many other points of 

 resemblance which would seem to indicate that these two superfamilies 

 had a common ancestor. 



Superfamily PYRALIDOIDEA 



This superfamily includes all those pupae which possess lobes in- 

 dicating the presence of well-developed pilifers and which do not pos- 

 sess clubbed antennae. This comprises the family Pterophoridae, the 

 family Attevidae, previously included in the Yponomeutidae, and 

 probably all of the subfamilies of Pyralididae, although pupae of 

 only six of these were examined. The Gallerinae do not possess the 

 lobes indicating the presence of pilifers, and differ in many other 

 respects from most other pyralids. 



The antennae are long, at least five sixths the length of the wings, 

 and in some instances extend beyond them. The maxillae and meso- 

 thoracic legs are both long and extend to the caudal margin of the 

 wings in most genera. The femora of the prothoracic legs are visible 

 except in some genera of Pterophoridae. In all of these families the 

 appendages are soldered to each other and to the body wall, but in the 

 Pterophoridae they are very slightly soldered and separate readily. 

 The seventh abdominal segment is free in the males of Pterophoridae 

 and Attevidae but fixed in the female. In the Pyralididae it is fixed 

 in both sexes. The families of Pyralidoidea may be separated as 

 follows : 



a. Maxillary palpi never present ; the prothoracic and mesothoracic legs 

 always extending cephalad between the sculptured eye-piece and the 

 antennae; body always roughened with short spines or with small 



