71 



tinguished. At the cephalic margin of this plate is a large group of 

 hooked setae in Pterophorus and Oxyptilus, and in Platyptilia a 

 rounded tubercle bearing four hooked setae. The abdominal spiracles 

 are slightly produced. The mesothoracic spiracle is situated mesad 

 of its usual position. It is also slightly produced. The peculiar spiny 

 armature of most of the genera makes them very easy to distinguish 

 from all other pupae. They are always found exposed, attached by 

 the cremaster, and vary in length from 8-15 mm. The genera may be 

 separated thus : 



a. Body with long, prominent barbed spines and setae arising mostly 

 from dorsal and lateral elevations; tenth segment with a mass of 

 hooked setae at its cephalic margin, 

 b. Femora of the prothoracic legs exposed; dorsal and lateral eleva- 

 tions with barbed spines of varying lengths. 



Pterophorus Geoffroy. 



bb. Femora of the prothoracic legs never exposed ; dorsal and lateral 



elevations usually with two barbed spines which are very broad 



at base and on the side of each is inserted a stout straight seta. 



Oxyptilus Zeller. 

 aa. Body without any long barbed spines or setae, but with short, widely 

 separated triangular projections on most of the abdominal seg- 

 ments ; tenth segment with a rounded prominence near the cephalic 

 margin bearing about four hooked setae Platyptilia Hiibner. 



The following species were examined : 

 Pterophorus paleaceus Zeller 

 Oxyptilus tenuidactylus Fitch 

 Platyptilia carduidactyla Riley 



Family Attevidae 



The genus Atteva (Figs. 72, 73), formerly included in the family 

 Yponomeutidae, was found to differ in all its important characters 

 from the members of that family and to be closely allied to the Pyralid- 

 idae. It retains the same arrangement of setae on the clypeus and 

 labrum as that in the Yponomeutidae. The setae at the caudal end of 

 the body are also similar in arrangement to those in the Yponomeu- 

 tidae, but the subfamily Phycitinae also have setae arranged in this 

 way. It seems very probable that the Attevidae and Yponomeutidae 

 arose from a common stock, but that the former branched off before 

 motion was lost in the seventh segment of the male. In the Attevidae 

 there is a narrow conjunctiva between the seventh and eighth segments 

 in the male and there is slight motion possible. The eighth, ninth, and 

 tenth segments are unusually long and distinctly segmented. There is 



