77 



subfamily includes the largest pyralids examined. The genera of 

 Pyraustinae may be separated by the following table : 



a. Setae of the cremaster always hooked and equal in length to the cre- 

 master or sometimes longer ; the other appendages never extending 

 beyond the caudal margin of the wings, 

 b. Setae of the thorax and abdomen very long, heavily chitinized, 

 and forked at the distal end, usually much longer than the seg- 

 ments ; mesothorax and metathorax having a deep oblong pit 

 with strongly chitinized edges at the base of each wing. 



Plilyctaenia Hiibner. 



bb. Setae of the thorax and abdomen never prominent, scarcely ever 



visible ; mesothorax and metathorax never having a deep oblong 



pit at the base of each wing. 



c. Mesothoracic spiracle with a prominent elevation adjacent to 



the caudal margin, which bears several ridges fringed with 



setae ; front with a distinct tubercle or small ridge at the base 



of each antenna Desmia Westwood. 



cc. Mesothoracic spiracle without any prominent elevation ad- 

 jacent to the caudal margin ; front without a tubercle or ridge 



at the base of each antenna PantagrapJia Lederer. 



aa. Setae of the cremaster either straight and equal in length to the 



cremaster, or hooked and much shorter than the cremaster ; the other 



appendages often extending beyond the caudal margin of the wings. 



b. Prothorax with a distinct tubercle on each side of the meson ; cre- 



mastral setae straight and spread out fan-like. 



Tlioleria Hiibner. 

 bb. Prothorax without a distinct tubercle on each side of the meson ; 

 cremastral setae hooked, and not spread out fan-like. 



Pyrausta Schrank. 



The following species were examined : 

 Plilyctaenia ferrugalis Hiibner 

 Desmia funeralis Hiibner 

 Pantagrapha limata Grote and Robinson 

 Tlioleria reversalis Guenee 



Pyrausta fissalis Grote, illibalis Hiibner, futilalis Lederer, insequalis 

 Guenee 



Subfamily Bpipaschiinae 



Only one species of this group has been examined, so no very 

 definite statements can be made regarding it. The species examined 

 seems to differ mainly in the absence of the maxillary palpi, which are 

 present in all of the other subfamilies. The epicranial suture is not 

 visible and the labrum is slightly cephalad of its normal position. The 

 dorsum of the abdomen shows a decided furrow between the ninth 



