88 



domen with a lateral carinate ridge on each side, forming two 

 prominent projections on the second and third segments, the 

 latter more prominent; a median carinate ridge from the fourth 

 abdominal segment to the caudal end of the body; ventral line of 



body practically straight Pontia Fabricius. 



bb. Thorax without a strongly carinate median ridge, either without 

 a median ridge or with one of equal height throughout. 

 c. Ventral surface of body convex, but without any prominent 

 rounded projection; a low lateral ridge present along the wings, 

 extending on the abdomen to the caudal end of the body. 



Eurymus Swainson. 

 cc. Ventral surface of body produced into a prominent rounded 

 projection which, near the caudal margin of the wings, is as 

 wide as the body just caudad of the wings ; body without any 

 prominent ridges, a lateral ridge present along the wings but 

 scarcely indicated on any of the abdominal segments except 



the tenth Eurema Hiibner. 



aa. Distance from the cephalic margin of the prothorax to the distal end 

 of the cephalic projection about equal in length to the thorax; ven- 

 tral line of body forming a prominent obtuse angle at a point about 

 equidistant from the cephalic and caudal ends. .Syncliloe Hiibner. 



The following species were examined : 

 Pontia protodice Boisduval and Le Conte, rapae Linnaeus 

 Eurymus philodice Godart 

 Eurema nicippe Cramer 

 Synchloe genutia Fabricius 



Family Nymphalidae 



The members of this family have been variously subdivided. Some 

 writers make several families of the species included here, while others 

 divide them into subfamilies and tribes. At present no good charac- 

 ters are known for the division of this group into families, but it must 

 be admitted that the same difficulties lie in the way of dividing it into 

 the subfamilies and tribes proposed by Scudder ; consequently, several 

 subfamily names have been introduced here to facilitate the grouping 

 of the species. The Nymphalidae are distinguished from all other 

 families lacking the epicranial suture by the fact that both prothoracic 

 and mesothoracic legs extend cephalad to the eye-pieces and the meso- 

 thoracic legs extend for a short distance between the sculptured eye- 

 pieces and the antennae. The prothoracic legs are very short, rarely 

 more than one third the length of the wings. The antennae and 

 maxillae, except in a few instances, reach to the caudal margin of the 



