89 



wings. The proximal ends of the antennae extend almost to the 

 meson on the dorsum of the head. The labial palpi are represented 

 by a very small portion caudad of the labrum and in many cases are 

 entirely concealed. With the exception of Anaea andria the meta- 

 thoracic wings are not visible on the ventral surface. The genital 

 openings are in the usual position. The circular furrow enclosing the 

 anal opening with the small tubercles caudad of the genital openings, 

 is present in nearly all genera. When tubercles are present on the sur- 

 face of the body they are usually on the dorsum of the abdomen and 

 are arranged in seven rows, as follows: a dorso-mesal row (Fig. 81, 

 dmt), a dorso-lateral row on each side about half-way between the 

 meson and the spiracles (Fig. 81, dlt), and a dorsal (Fig. 81, dst), 

 and ventral row (Fig. 81, vst) on each side of the abdominal spiracles. 

 The subfamilies of Nymphalidae may be separated as follows : 



a. With prominent tubercles on the dorsal surface of the body, or at 

 least on the abdomen, a dorso-mesal row, a dorso-lateral row on each 

 side, and a row dorsad and ventrad of each row of spiracles. 



Nymphalinae. 

 aa. Without prominent tubercles on the dorsal surface, at least not ar- 

 ranged in rows as above, 

 b. Second abdominal segment with a prominent carinate median 



elevation, somewhat constricted at its base Basilarchinae. 



bb. Second abdominal segment without a prominent, carinate median 

 elevation, 

 c. Body compressed, with a distinct dorso-mesal carina on the 

 thorax and abdomen ; ventral surface of ninth and tenth ab- 

 dominal segments with hooked setae, the tubercles on the ninth 

 segment covered with very short hooked setae .... Apaturinae. 

 cc. Body not compressed ; dorso-mesal carina never present on both 

 thorax and abdomen, 

 d. Abdominal segments caudad of the wings rapidly tapering and 

 forming a sort of hemisphere ; dorsum of abdomen with a 

 prominent transverse ridge, 

 e. Head with a prominent transverse ridge, extending along the 

 middle of the eye-pieces and the lateral margin of the 

 body; second, third, and fourth abdominal segments of 

 approximately the same length ; cremaster directed ven- 

 trad ; transverse ridge on the fourth abdominal segment. 



Anaeinae. 

 ee. Head without a transverse ridge, but with two prominent 

 tubercles ; second abdominal segment longer than any of 

 the others ; cremaster directed caudad ; transverse ridge 

 on the third abdominal segment tuberculate for its entire 

 length Euploeinae. 



