108 



grouped together. His generic and specific names have been adopted 

 as far as possible. As to the phylogeny of the group, too little ma- 

 terial has been examined to warrant a decided opinion on the subject. 

 It seems probable, however, that most of the subfamilies discussed rep- 

 resent the ends of many lines of development. There are various 

 stages of development found in all groups, and there are some mem- 

 bers of each subfamily studied, except the Phytometrinae and Momi- 

 nae, which show the epicranial suture. 



The subfamilies mentioned above which retain maxillary palpi are 

 undoubtedly the most generalized, the Mominae, which show neither 

 labial palpi, prothoracic femora, maxillary palpi, nor an epicranial su- 

 ture, are undoubtedly the most specialized, but nothing can be said 

 with certainty as to the other groups. No attempt has been made to 

 arrange the subfamilies in phylogenetic order either in the tables or in 

 the discussion of subfamilies. The subfamilies of Noctuidae may be 

 separated by the following table : 



a. Prothoracic legs reaching cephalad to the eye-piece, mesothoracic legs 



never reaching as far cephalad; prothoracic femora usually visible. 



b. Cremaster, or caudal end of the body, with all the setae curved or 



hooked, never with any long straight setae. 



c. Setae of the cremaster usually all of the same size and length. 



either slightly curved or hooked; cremaster 1 never with six or 



eight hooked setae of which the mesal ones are larger and longer 



than the remainder Acronyctinae. 



cc. Setae of the cremaster or caudal end of the body usually of two 

 sizes, 

 d. Body never with scars of larval verrucae bordered with setae ; 

 labial palpi and prothoracic femora always visible, 

 e. Wings and maxillae produced at meson into a distinct 

 rounded projection extending on to the fifth abdominal seg- 

 ment ; labrum located near the cephalic end of the body ; 



body never heavily chitinized Phytometrinae. 



ee. Wings and maxillae never extending beyond the caudal 

 margin of the fourth segment ; labrum in the normal posi- 

 tion; body always heavily chitinized Cucullianae. 



dd. Body with rounded or oval areas bordered with setae, as in 

 the Arctiidae, especially noticeable on the dorsum of the 

 abdomen and in the spiracular region ; labial palpi and pro- 

 thoracic femora never visible Mominae. 



bb. Cremaster or caudal end of the body never with all the setae 



curved or hooked. 



c. Cremaster or caudal end of body with at least two long straight 



stout setae, 1-2 mm. in length, rarely with additional hooked 



setae : Hadeninae. 



