109 



cc. Cremaster or caudal end of body never with long straight stout 

 setae, 

 d. Cremaster bifurcate, narrowed at the caudal end; dorsum of 

 movable abdominal segments with one or more rows of deep 



circular pits with dark, chitinized margins Agrotinae. 



dd. Cremaster short, broader at the distal end, very thin and 

 plate-like, the caudo-lateral angles produced into short 

 rounded lobes, with two or three small rounded projections 

 between often bearing small delicate setae; dorsum of the 

 movable abdominal segments never with pits ; body strongly 



rugose, the abdominal segments spinose Agaristinae. 



aa. Prothoracic and mesothoracic legs both reaching cephalad to the eye- 

 piece or to the maxillary palpus where this is present ; prothoracic 

 femora seldom visible, 

 b. Cremaster usually present; curved or hooked setae always pres- 

 ent at the caudal end of body, usually eight in number. 



c. Body always covered with a whitish bloom Catocalinae. 



cc. Body never covered with a whitish bloom Hypeninae. 



bb. Cremaster or setae never present at the caudal end of the body ; 

 fifth abdominal segment with a row of spines along the caudal 

 margin extending from the sculpturing of the dorsum almost to 

 the meson on the ventral surface Sarrothripinae. 



Subfamily Agrotinae 



This subfamily, as here considered, includes those pupae with a 

 stout, rugose, more or less bifurcate cremaster, and with a row of 

 large circular pits with heavily chitinized margins along the cephalic 

 margin of some of the abdominal segments, usually between the fourth 

 and seventh (Fig. 101). In these pupae, the prothorax is very long, 

 at least two thirds the length of the mesothorax, and the epicranial 

 suture is sometimes present in the genus Agrotis. Labial palpi are al- 

 ways present and exposed for their entire length, and the prothoracic 

 femora are seen in some of the genera. The mesothoracic legs, an- 

 tennae, and maxillae are of practically the same length and usually ex- 

 tend to the caudal margin of the wings. The metathoracic legs are 

 seldom visible and only the prothoracic legs extend cephalad to the eye- 

 pieces, and these do not separate the sculptured eye-piece and antenna. 

 The body is stout, and when retracted the length is about three times 

 the width. The genera of Agrotinae may be separated as follows : 



a. Femora of the prothoracic legs visible. 



b. Dorsal cephalic margin of the movable abdominal segments with 

 a single even row of pits, numbering less than fifteen ; epicranial 

 suture present ; cremaster often with a row of four setae near its 

 proximal end Agrotis Ochsenheimer. 



