194 



— Legs long but not very slender; anterior branch of second vein 



present, oblique 2 



2. Antennae of male pectinate or subpectinate Ctenophorinae. 



— Antennae not pectinate Tipulinae. 



Subfamily CTENOPHORINAE 



I have before me only a part of a larval exuvium — consisting of 

 the head — and the pupal exuvium of one species of this subfamily, 

 and am consequently unable to give a detailed description of the im- 

 mature stages. The specimens, however, present characters that 

 serve to distinguish at least this species from other Tipulidae known 

 to me. As the characters of the species I have may not be in agree- 

 ment with those of other genera in the subfamily, unknown to me, I 

 shall restrict my generalizations to the genus to which it belongs. 



Xiphura Brulle 



GENERIC CHARACTERS 



Larva. — Head large, heavily chitinized, arcuate on dorsum. 

 Antennae short and stout, longer than maxillary palpi. Mandibles 

 very stout, without teeth along the lower margin. Labial plate heav- 

 ily chitinized, similar in general form to that of Tipula. Maxillae 

 well developed, the palpi short and stout. Hypopharynx similar in 

 form to that of Tipula. Structure of body not known to me. The 

 parts of the exuvium that remain show that there are numerous long 

 surface hairs present as in Tipula, and the anal spiracles are large, 

 slightly elevated, pale brown, with the central opening darker. 



Pupa. — Head without protuberances between antennae ; bases of 

 antennae slightly swollen; labium rather prominently protruded. 

 Thoracic respiratory organs heavily chitinized, glossy, irregularly and 

 coarsely wrinkled ; apices of tarsi except those of the fore pair ex- 

 tending much beyond apices of wings. Abdomen with a single en- 

 circling series of short broad processes on each segment, the apices of 

 which are acutely pointed. 



HABITS OF EARVAE 



All of the known larvae of this subfamily live in much-decayed 

 trees, but whether they feed upon the dead wood or some vegetable 

 growth it contains, or upon insect larvae is unrecorded. 



