198 



— Upper 4 processes on anal segment not decurved, usually straight; 



ventral respiratory organ not acute laterally; prothorax without 

 horny protuberances on its dorsal margin anteriorly 11 



11. Upper median pair of processes on apical abdominal segment very 



acutely pointed, their posterior face glossy brown, lower pair very 

 small and widely separated ; hypopharynx with upper plate more 

 acute than usual (PI. XXXI, Fig. 14) Tipula sp. 7. 



— Upper median pair of processes on apical abdominal segment not 



acutely pointed, lower pair of moderate size and rather close to- 

 gether 12 



12. Upper plate of hypopharynx with acute teeth, its anterior outline 



distinctly convex (PI. XXXII, Fig. 13) Tipula bicornis. 



— Upper plate of hypopharynx with rounded teeth, its anterior out- 



line almost transverse (PI. XXXII, Fig. 15) 



PackyrrMna ferruginea. 



PUPAE 



1. Thoracic respiratory organs very long and slender, one much longer 



than the other, the longest one at least half as long as entire 

 body Tipula sp. 1. 



— Thoracic respiratory organs equal in length, not more than one 



fourth as long as entire body 2 



2. Ventral abdominal segments beyond apices of tarsi with a median 



and apical transverse series of spines 3 



— Ventral abdominal segments with only the apical series of spines. 4 



3. Antennae with a distinct but short thorn on outer side at base ; f rons 



slightly furcate and covered with irregular small wart-like pro- 

 tuberances between bases of antennae Tipula cunctans. 



— Antennae without thorn at base ; f rons not as above . . . Tipula eluta. 



4. No minute thorns or bristles laterad of the 2 strong thorns on third 



and fourth ventral abdominal segments ; protuberance between 

 base of antennae and base of thoracic respiratory organs small, 



forming a distinctly isolated wart-like prominence 



Tipula trivittata. 



— One or two closely paired small thorns or 2 slender bristles laterad 



of the 2 strong thorns on third and fourth ventral abdominal seg- 

 ments; space between base of antennae and base of respiratory 

 organs filled with a regularly rounded prominence 5 



5. Thoracic respiratory organs short, not extending more than half- 



way from their bases to medio-dorsal protuberances ; 2 weak bris- 

 tles laterad of the ventral series of thorns on abdominal segments ; 

 apical segment of female much elongated (PI. XXVIII, Fig. 8) 

 Tipula serta ? 



— Thoracic respiratory organs long, extending almost or quite to 



medio-dorsal protuberances; one or two small thorns laterad of 



