204 

 Tipula cunctans Say 



Tipula cunctans Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 3, p. 23. (1823) 



Larva. — Similar to the previous species in general appearance 

 and structure, the principal distinctions being as follows : the fronto- 

 clypeal region is less hairy, the plates on either side having only an 

 isolated tuft of hairs at outer anterior angle and one bristle and a 

 short thorn on inner anterior protuberant area; the labial plate 

 (PI. XXXII, Fig. io) has 3 large teeth on each side of the central 

 one; anterior outline of hypopharynx as in Figure 11 of same plate; 

 the body is not densely pubescent, and shows no vittae on dorsum; 

 and the short, stiff, upright hairs that surround the bristles in eluta 

 are wanting. 



Pupa. — Length, 18-22 mm. Reddish brown, lateral margins 

 yellowish. 



Slenderer than eluta. Head rather distinctly protuberant be- 

 tween antennae, the surface with coarse rugae and a few small warts; 

 bases of antennae with a small sharp process on anterior surface. Area 

 between base of antennae and respiratory organs regularly rounded ; 

 dorsum of thorax without the distinct protuberances so noticeable in 

 eluta ; apices of fore, mid, and hind tarsi not in a transverse line, but 

 each successively farther beyond apices of wings. All of the exposed 

 abdominal segments with 2 series of spines each, the anterior one con- 

 sisting of 2, widely separated, and the posterior series of 4-12, close- 

 ly placed; the third and fourth segments have the anterior pair of 

 spines reduced to mere hairs ; dorsal segments with only the posterior 

 armature distinct; apical segment of female as in Figure 19, Plate 

 XXXII, that of male as in Figure 22. 



Described from examples in the collection obtained at Newton 

 and Hillsboro, 111., April 1896. The species is very common through- 

 out the state and, like T. bicornis, is sometimes destructive in 

 meadows, pastures, and other grass lands, the larvae feeding on the 

 roots of the plants. 



This species is usually found in quite different surroundings 

 from those of eluta, being essentially terrestrial in habit and often 

 found in fields which are rather dry and well removed from any body 

 of water. 



Tipula trivittata Say 



Tipula trivittata Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 3, p. 26. (1823) 



Pupa. — Length, 22-25 mm - Dark brown, lateral line pale. 

 Bases of antennae with a sharp protuberance on anterior side; a 



