208 



HABITS OF LARVAE 



The larvae have more diversified food-habits and habitats than 

 do those of Tipulidae. A summary of these is given under the differ- 

 ent genera dealt with in the text. 



HABITS OF IMAGINES 



The food of the imagines, when any is taken, usually consists of 

 nectar. 



Keys to Subfamilies 



LARVAE 



1. Thorax and abdomen with numerous long fleshy appendages 



Cylindrotominae (p. 210) . 



— Thorax and abdomen without long fleshy appendages 2 



2. Labium not chitinized ; mandibles long and sickle-shaped, toothed 



only on basal half; maxillae with a very long membranous lobe 

 at anterior lateral angle; apical segment with 4 processes, which 

 are fringed with long hairs; penultimate segment in preserved 

 larvae much distended Hexatominae (p. 232). 



— Labium heavily chitinized except in Eriopterinae; mandibles stout, 



toothed on apical half ; and otherwise not as above 3 



3. Apical abdominal segment terminating in a pair of long tail-like ap- 



pendages, the spiracles at their bases, above; labial plate divided 

 in center Pediciinae (p. 216). 



— Apical abdominal segment terminating in 4 or 5 short protuber- 



ances, or at least not with 2 long terminal appendages 4 



4. Apical abdominal segment with 5 short terminal protuberances, the 



central one on upper margin about as large as the others ; body 

 usually pubescent or roughened ; head posteriorly consisting of 

 6 slender rods Eriopterinae (p. 227) . 



— Apical abdominal segment with 4 terminal protuberances or with- 



out any, or if there are 5 the central one on upper margin is much 

 smaller than the others and the head is not as above 5 



5. Head complete ; prothoracic spiracles present 



Trichocerinae (p. 234) . 



- — Head incomplete posteriorly; prothoracic spiracles absent 6 



6. Body green, with dense groups of fuscous hairs on dorsum of seg- 



ments, which give it the appearance of being marked with black 

 Limnobiinae, pt. (p. 212). 



— Body yellowish, whitish, or brownish, without distinct groups of 



hairs as above 7 



7. Segments broader than long, lateral margins of prothorax with 1 



strong hair, those of the other segments with 2 such hairs 



Rhamphiditnae (p. 226). 



