274 



Osten Sacken, C. R. 



'95. Remarks on the homologies and differences between the first 

 stages of Pericoma Hal., and those of the new Brazilian species. 

 Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1895 : 483-489. 



Welch, P. S. 



'12. Observations on the life history of a new species of Psychoda. 

 Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 5:411-418. (Psychoda albimaculata.) 



In addition to the foregoing, there are a number of excellent pa- 

 pers by Haliday, Koch, Zuelzer, Jacobfeurborn, and others, dealing 

 with the larvae and pupae of European species. 



Family BLBPHAROCBRIDAB 



FAMILY CHARACTERS 



Larva. — Head, thorax, and first and second abdominal segments 

 fused ; a slight transverse depression between the anterior margin of 

 first abdominal and the posterior margin of the metathorax; a stout 

 thorn on each lateral margin of one of the fused abdominal segments 

 (second?) as on the other abdominal segments. Dorsal sclerites of 

 head well defined ; antenna well developed, slender, with 3 well-differ- 

 entiated joints; mandibles opposed, strong; maxillary palpi rudimen- 

 tary. Abdominal segments with very deep lateral constrictions be- 

 tween them, the protruded median portion of segments 3 to 7 each 

 with 1 or 2 stout horns ; apical segment rounded, without a horn or 

 with a shorter one than those of the other segments. Sometimes the 

 dorsum has a number of stout thorn-like protuberances in addition 

 to those on lateral margins. Venter with a median longitudinal series 

 of disc-like suckers, usually 6 in number, one on the thoracic complex, 

 and one on each of the succeeding abdominal segments. Laterad of 

 these suckers is a group of filaments which resemble the protruded 

 ventral blood-gills of some species of Chironomus and may perform 

 the same function. 



Pupa. — Slug-like, ventrally unchitinized and flattened, so that it 

 adheres closely to the rock bottom of the stream, dorsally convex and 

 chitinized, the segments of abdomen distinct, but no noticeable con- 

 striction between base of abdomen and apex of thorax, the outline un- 

 broken, oval. Thoracic respiratory organs lamellate, distinctly ele- 

 vated. Legs extending nearly to apex of abdomen. 



Imago. — Tipulid-like, body and legs very long and slender, wings 

 large, with many reticulate creases between the veins, the effect pro- 

 duced being that of a secondary venation. 



