279 



Some of the more Important Works on North American Culicidae 



Felt, E. P., and Young, D. B. 



'94. The mosquitoes or Culicidae of New York State. Bull. 79, 

 N. Y. State Mus. 



Howard, L. 0. 



'00. Notes on the mosquitoes of the United States. U. S. Dept. Agr., 



Bur. Ent., Bull. 25, n. ser. 

 '10. Preventive and remedial work against mosquitoes. U. S. Dept. 



Agr., Bur. Ent., Bull. 88. 



Howard, L. 0., Dyar, H. G., and Knab, F. 



'12. The Mosquitoes of North and Central America and the West 

 Indies. (In 4 volumes, one of which is yet to appear.) 



Johannsen, 0. A. 



'03. Aquatic Nematocerous Diptera. Bull. 68, Pt. 6. N. Y. State 

 Mus., pp. 388-429. (Part of a comprehensive report, by various 

 authors, on the aquatic insects of New York State.) 



Family DIXIDAE 



This is a small family, containing but one genus and about a score 

 of described species. Some authors have considered them as forming 

 a subfamily of Tipulidae, while others have placed them in the Culic- 

 idae. I am of the opinion that they are entitled to family rank, and 

 so treat them in the present paper. 



FAMILY CHARACTERS 



Larva (PI. XL, Fig. 5). — Head complete, not retractile, antennae 

 and maxillary palpi long and slender, mandibles opposed, stout; 

 maxillae with a fringed lobe homologous with that of Simuliidae (PL 

 XLI, Fig. 5) ; labium chitinized, densely hairy (PI. XLI, Fig. 3). 

 Thoracic segments distinct, similar in form to those of abdomen, the 

 first 2 armed on anterior margin of dorsum with several long hairs. 

 First and second abdominal segments each with a pair of pseudopods 

 on dorsum, the apices of which are armed with curved spines; dor- 

 sum of segments 5, 6, and 7 each with a transverse pair of slight ele- 

 vations which are armed with closely placed spines, or the segments 

 with a transverse band of spines posteriorly; ventral surface of some 

 of the abdominal segments usually with flattened areas which are 

 armed on their margins with spines; preapical segment with a pair, 

 or more, of long hairs ; apical segment terminating above in a chitin- 



