287 

 Subfamily TANYPINAE 



SUBFAMILY CHARACTERS 



Larva (PI. XLIII, Fig. i). — Head usually much more elongate 

 than in Chironominae (PI. XLIII, Figs. 7,8); antennae long and 

 slender, retractile; palpi longer than their diameter; labial plate 

 hinged, retractile by turning upon its base, the anterior margin being 

 thus frequently found directed inward and backward in preserved 

 specimens, form of plate spatulate, armed with 4 to 7 teeth. Thoracic 

 segments more or less swollen and differentiated from the abdominals; 

 prothoracic pseudopods well developed. Abdomen slender, often 

 armed with soft hairs which it is very difficult to see; anal pseudopods 

 sometimes very long; dorsal papillae distinct, armed with a number 

 of long hairs ; apical blood-gills 4 in number. 



Pupa (PI. XLIII, Fig. 3). — Thorax much more distinctly swol- 

 len than in Chironominae, the respiratory organs always simple, not 

 conspicuously fringed, frequently egg-shaped (Fig. 10) or trumpet- 

 shaped. Legs and wings rather short, the former recurved against 

 venter. Abdomen without noticeable dorsal armature; lateral mar- 

 gins with a few long strap-like hairs; apical appendages flattened, 

 their margins with several long strap-like hairs, and sometimes with 

 a short fringe. 



Imago. — See key to subfamilies. 



Subfamily CHIRONOMINAE 



This subfamily contains many more genera than does Tanypinae, 

 and among them are some of the commonest of the Nematocera. 



SUBFAMILY CHARACTERS 



Larva, — Readily distinguished from larvae of Tanypinae by their 

 stout, non-retractile antennae and the flat, exposed, fixed labial plate. 

 The blood-red color of some of the larvae of Ckironomus has earned 

 for them the popular name of "blood-worms". 



Pupa, — The pupae of all species of Ckironomus known to me have 

 the thoracic respiratory organs divided into many thread-like fila- 

 ments, and are separated by this character from every other nematoc- 

 erous family. The species that have these organs pedunculate more 

 nearly resemble the pupae of Tanypinae, but the latter are generally 

 more culicid-like, having the thorax more swollen and the abdomen 



