391 



various Hymenoptera-Aculeata, including the genera Anthophora, 

 Megachile, Hoplomerus, Cemomis, Osmia, Trypoxylon and Odynerus; 

 Hemipenthes {Anthrax sens. Osten Sacken) is a hyperparasite, at- 

 tacking hymenopterous parasites {Ophion, Banchus) and dipterous 

 parasites {Masicera) of cutworm larvae; Chrysanthrax fulvohirta is 

 a hyperparasite, the larva living in Blis sexcincta, a parasite of white- 

 grubs; Anthrax sens. lat. parasitizes Lepidoptera in the larval stage, 

 generally emerging when the host has pupated, Mamestra, Panolis, 

 Noctua, Agrotis, and Dichromia being attacked — these records per- 

 taining as far as I am aware to the subgenus Hyalanthrax; while the 

 group containing the species with maculate wings attack hymenopter- 

 ous and dipterous parasites of Lepidoptera, including Masicera, 

 Ophion, and Banchus. Aphoebantus is predaceous on the egg-masses 

 of the locust Caloptenus spretus. Systoechus and Anastoechns are 

 also predaceous on locust's eggs, the former being reared in this coun- 

 try from the egg-masses of Caloptcnus spretus. Bombylius occurs in 

 the nests of the bee genera Andrena, Halictus, and Colletes. Tox- 

 opJiora occurs in the nests of Bumcnes, Pelopoeus, and Odynerus. 

 Spogostylum is parasitic upon five genera of Hymenoptera — Pelo- 

 poeus, Megachile, Cemonus, Osmia, and Xylocopa — and two genera 

 of Coleoptera — Cicindela and Calicodoma. Callostoma feeds upon 

 the egg-masses of Caloptenus spretus. Bxoprosopa fascipennis is a 

 hyperparasite of the wasp Tiphia. Sparnopolius fulvus is parasitic 

 on white-grubs. 



HABITS OF THE IMAGINES 



The imagines are without exception flower-frequenting, none of 

 them, so far as is known, being predaceous. They are remarkably 

 quick on the wing, their flight consisting alternately of quick 

 dashes, in which the eye can barely follow them, and soaring 

 pauses in mid-air. Their movements in settling upon a flower are very 

 deliberate, but upon being disturbed they depart with a startling rapid- 

 ity. A very large percentage of the species have the body covered with 

 dense variegated pile, and the wings are very frequently marked with 

 black or brown. 



Key to Pupae 



1. Upper central pair of cephalic processes thorn-like, widely sepa- 

 rated for their entire length ; lateral cephalic process or processes 



thorn-like, but little if any shorter than the central pair 2 



— Upper central pair of cephalic processes stout, not thorn-like, con- 

 tiguous for the greater portion of their length; lateral cephalic 

 processes tubercle-like, much shorter than the central pair 13 



