326 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



tural prosperity of the State. We have seen many specimens of those 

 breeds of horses most famous in England and America; the goats of 

 Cashmere; the finest specimens of Merino, Cotswold and Southdown 

 sheep; the most celebrated breeds of cattle, and among them one sus- 

 pected of being that queen of the dairy, the Holstein cow. Add to this 

 that here, in this town, which is but an infant in years, the large Pavilion 

 in which we are now assembled has been erected in the interest of agri- 

 culture, and is to remain a permanent institution in the district. 



RAILROADS. 



In view of the, vast productiveness of the lands of California, and the 

 extension of farming, it is clear that we need more railroad transporta- 

 tion ; the land waits for railroads, canals and labor. What a glorious 

 event was the completion of the trans-continental railroad ! What 

 amazing energy marked its execution! What astonishing rapidity! 

 Who will not honor the men who carried it through ? Who will grudge 

 them their subsidies? But this work, great as it is, should be but the 

 incentive to others. What we want is a network of railroads connecting 

 the Pacific country with San Francisco, like that which connects the 

 whole of New England with the Cit}~ of Boston ; so much so, that from 

 early morn to nightfall in that city, there is not a single quarter of an 

 hour that does not witness the arrival or departure of some railroad 

 train. What a magnificent result is this of the enterprise of -New Eng- 

 landers ; and are not the men of New England here? Sec also the rail- 

 road connexion of the whole West with Chicago; and are not the men 

 of the West here? And }*et again see how the whole country east of the 

 Mississippi is bound by iron links to the City of New York. And this is 

 what we must have here to connect the Pacific country with the New 

 York oft he Pacific. A man is more isolated from San Francisco at Half- 

 moon Bay. than at Gilroy. although it is but thirty miles to Half-moon 

 Bay. while it is eighty to Gjlroy ; but he goes to Gilroy bj r the iron horse, 

 and to Half moon Bay by the flesh horse. By means of the trans-conti- 

 nental, we are nearer to Philadelphia and Baltimore than to some places 

 in our County of San Bernardino; because we measure distances now. not 

 by miles, but by the means of transportation ; and by the same rule. Can- 

 ton. Shanghai and Yokohama are near neighbors of New York and 

 Boston. Great as the trans-continental railroad is — and it is a great 

 work — the aid extended to it by our Government was by no means unex- 

 ampled or extraordinar}-. 



ENGLISH RAILROADS IN INDTA. 



Great Britain has signalized her dominion in India by the construction 

 of a continuous line of railroad from Calcutta to Bombay, a distance of 

 one thousand four hundred and fifty-eight miles, and when this and the 

 Indian Peninsula line, which has more than fifteen hundred miles in 

 operation, shall be completed, with their various branches already pro- 

 jected, England will have four thousand six "hundred miles of railroad 

 in operation in India, and will have extended Government aid to them 

 to the amount of four hundred millions of dollars. Our <n-eat railroad 

 cost but one hundred millions. 



TULARE VALLEY. 



There lies not very far from here the great Tulare Valley — the grand 

 untamed Eden of this continent. Let a railroad connect it with San 



