22 Transactions of the 



valuable kinds should be planted and cultivated here artificially, the 

 timber thus grown in our climate would be brash and brittle, and would 

 be of a poor quality generally, like that of the native production. Eecent 

 experiments, brought about by the efforts of the State Agricultural 

 Society and the offering by them of small premiums in a judicious way, 

 have most effectually proven these impressions not well founded. It 

 has been shown by positive experimental proof that the best Eastern 

 varieties of hard wood timber, particularly the black and yellow locust, 

 the black walnut, the wild black cherry, the osage orange, the rock and 

 hickory elms, the various kinds of hard wood mulberry, the butternut, 

 the chestnut, and the hard maple, and many other good varieties can be 

 grown here much more rapidly than in their native forests of the 

 Eastern and Western Atlantic States. Not only this, but the timber of 

 many of these kinds of trees grown here has been thoroughly and 

 practically tested by competent mechanics, and found to be equal in all 

 the qualities of durability, elasticity, and strength to the timber of the 

 same varieties grown East. We have also imported and grown success- 

 fully some of the most valuable varieties of hard wood trees from 

 Australia, and the timber produced from these is also found to be equal 

 to that grown in its native country. The facts thus obtained by a small 

 outlay are very valuable and suggestive, and, in our opinion, warrant a 

 special appropriation by the Legislature of a liberal sum of money, to be 

 judiciously expended through the medium and under the direction of 

 this society or its officers for the encouragement of artificial forest 

 culture. 



AGRICULTURAL ANT) MECHANIC ARTS COLLEGE. 



In eighteen hundred and sixty-two Congress donated to each of the 

 States and Territories which may provide Colleges of Agriculture and 

 the Mechanic Arts one hundred and fifty thousand acres of land. 



In eighteen hundred and sixty-eight the Legislature of California, in 

 order to reap the benefits of such donation, created and established a 

 State University, and provided that such University should consist of 

 the following Colleges of Arts: 



First — A State College of Agriculture, a State College of Mechanic 

 Arts, a State College of Mines, a State College of Civil Engineering, 

 and such other Colleges of Arts as the Board of Eegents may be able 

 and find it expedient to establish. 



Second — A State College of Letters. 



Third — A College of Medicine, Law, and other like professional Col- 

 leges. 



In the Act creating this University the Legislature provided expressly 

 that the College of Agriculture shall be first established, and as soon as 

 practicable a moderate system of manual labor shall be established in 

 connection with the Agricultural College and upon its agricultural or 

 ornamental grounds, having for its object practical education in agri- 

 culture, etc., and to afford the students an opportunity of defraying a 

 portion of the expenses of their education; that the College of Mechanic 

 Arts shall next be established, and the Eegents shall always bear in 

 mind that the College of Agriculture and the College of Mechanic Arts 

 are an especial object of their care and superintendence, and that they 

 shall be considered and treated as entitled primarily to the use of the 

 funds donated for their establishment and maintenance by the said Act 

 of Congress. From the reading of the Act of Congress donating the 

 land to the State and the Act of our own Legislature in the establish- 



