State Agricultural Society. 141 



clothing in so favorable a climate, and the ox and mule be a fail' substi- 

 tute, with steamboats, railroads, steam plows, and threshers, for the 

 service of the horse. 



Again, the principal portion of the land of this State is high and dry- 

 plain land and foothills. This land is our best grain and wine land. 

 This land, now so productive, will, in a tew years devoted to successive 

 cropping, become impoverished unless fertilized. We cannot fertilize 

 with either timothy, clover, buckwheat, or other crops turned under, as 

 in other countries, because the land is too dry to grow these. We then 

 must depend upon the barnyard for fertilizers; and all our straw and 

 hay must be consumed and converted there into manure and returned 

 to the land. The straw left upon the land, or burned, as is the custom, 

 will not enrich the land in so dry and burning a climate. It must go 

 into the barnyard and there be used as food, bedding, and shelter for 

 cattle, and receive and absorb the moisture of the cattle's droppings 

 and ammonia of their urine, and be tramped and converted into useful 

 and enriching fertilizers. This can only be done profitably by cattle, as 

 the milk, butter, cheese, and increased, weight of beef will profitably 

 repay all the labor and care bestowed, to say nothing about the profit 

 the farmer will realize from his manures as fertilizers to his other pro- 

 ductions. To farm successfully the farmer must diversify his produc- 

 tions; and what interest can he so profitably carry on with the raising 

 of grain as the rearing of cattle. It will be but a short time before the 

 grain farmer will find the rearing of cattle indispensable to his success- 

 fully raising profitable crops of grain. I will not be tedious. You have 

 enough to gather my idea. 



I contend that my exhibition of full blooded Durham cattle, and of 

 crosses between blooded Durham and blooded Ayrshire cattle, was the 

 most meritorious exhibition, and one that would be greatly more for the 

 interest of the State than any other cattle exhibition made at the State 

 Fair. My blooded Durhams or shorthorns have perfect pedigrees. I 

 exhibited five, and their records will be found in my name in volume 

 five of the American Herd Book, page three hundred and twenty-two, 

 and volume nine, first part, pages forty-five, one hundred and seventy- 

 three, three hundred and ninety-five, and four hundred and fifty-three; 

 second part, pages six hundred and ninety-six and nine hundred and 

 fifty-nine. My old cow, Kate Dunne, is of the pure Teese water milch 

 stock; so is her heifer'Beauty, and j^earling First Duke of Yuba. Beauty 

 took the sweepstakes, and has taken the premium eveiy year of her life 

 in her class, and two sweepstakes this year, being the only times shown. 

 The First Duke of Yuba has always taken the premium in his class. 

 He has been shown four times and taken four premiums and one sweep- 

 stakes. These all have size, weight, beauty, symmetry, and are good for 

 beef or milk and butter; indeed, cannot be beaten. The first Duke of 

 San Mateo is a fine animal — large, well built, and of exceeding weight 

 for his age, two years. I believe there is no better animal standing than 

 he is. lie comes from the celebrated Bates & Booth's Duchess Durham, 

 with a pure pedigree. His great grandsire and granddam are from the 

 most celebrated bull in England, Vanguard, of pure milch stock. That 

 strain of milk alone is worth thousands to have it introduced into this 

 State. My other cattle exhibited are a cross of two milk strains, the 

 milking Durhams and Ayrshire. These animals are symmetrically 

 and finely made, of good size and form and weight, and the best of 

 milkers and butter makers. I keep them for milkers. They make beau- 



