State Agricultural Society. 145 



smallest degree from another. The iron used is of the best quality, 

 chiefly " Hanging Rock coal blast charcoal pig," better than which can- 

 not anywhere be found, and the equal of which is rarely used in agri- 

 cultural machinery. The shafting is made of iron of the best quality, 

 and, like the gearing which it is to carry, prepared with the greatest 

 care. It is turned throughout its length like that of the best grades of 

 machinery, and fitted to the wheels with such exactness that there can- 

 not be the slightest vibration. It is key-seated, as are the wheels, by 

 machinery, so that when the two are fitted together they are substan- 

 tially one. 



Having secured perfect gearing in the manner indicated, the next 

 important matter is to give it fixed relations. These are secured in the 

 "World" first by means of a solid cast iron ease frame into which the 

 bearings for the shafting are moulded. These bearings, with their caps, 

 are babbitted with metal of the finest quality, a jig representing the 

 shafting being used to locate and regulate the proportion of the bearing 

 precisely. We cannot here explain the necessity tor the use of the jig 

 further than that it is an invention of comparatively recent date, and is 

 the only means by which the bearings can be so nicely adjusted as that 

 all the undue friction (causing heating and rapid wear), so common in 

 ordinary machinery, can be obviated. Second: the bolt holes, instead 

 of being formed with a core and cast as commonly done, are bored 

 through the solid iron, their size and location being fixed with faultless 

 exactness. A slight elevation surrounding the bolt holes, through both 

 frame and caps, is planed, so that the surface against which the bolt- 

 head and nut are brought is perfectly smooth. A circular countersink 

 is cut into the pillar block, and a stool, corresponding in form and size 

 precisely with it, is cut upon the cap (the bolt hole passing through the 

 center of both) by which means the position of the cap cannot be 

 changed when drawn down to its place, no matter how great the strain 

 in any direction. This device, peculiar to the " World," is one of special 

 excellence, and its importance cannot be overestimated — indeed, cannot 

 be appreciated by any one not familiar with the fact that to keep box 

 caps firmly in place is a prime necessity. 



The bolts, like those of the locomotive and the class of machinery to 

 which it belongs, are turned throughout their length and made to fit so 

 tightly into their holes that considerable force is required to drive them to 

 their places. The thread is cut upon the lathe (not squeezed out as is 

 commonly the case), the under side of the head faced smoothly, so that 

 coming in contact with the planed surface of the case, as already 

 described, the bearing is perfect. The nut, cold pressed and like the head 

 of the bolt hexagon shaped, is faced up, and the thread cut on the lathe 

 and coming in contact with the elevated and planed surface of the cap, 

 makes a fit which, with the permanency of the bolt cap, sufficiently 

 accounts for the fact that no nut or bolt has ever been known to come 

 loose. Every wheel, shaft, bolt, and nut being perfect in itself, accu- 

 rately adjusted, each in its relation to the other, and secured with 

 unchangeable permanency, the movement of the whole construction is 

 as easy, noiseless, and smooth as that of the locomotive or engine lathe. 

 Protection to the gearing, the importance of which is apparent, is secured 

 completely by means of a hinged cover, which with the solid iron case 

 or frame excludes water, sand, grass, and indeed every kind of dirt which 

 could in any way hinder the movements or cause wear to the vitals of 

 the machine. 



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