120 TRANSACTIONS OF STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



more than the cheese which will not be eaten until six months old, 

 because it is much more easily digested than the cheese which goes into 

 the hoops within forty-five minutes after the whey is drawn, as is the 

 case with most California cheese. Cheese may be made as mild and 

 soft by the cheddar process as by any other, and undoubtedly the con- 

 sumer would prefer it, after a trial, to the article now so largely in the 

 market. The writer hopes and plans to devote much attention to this 

 question, in both an experimental and commercial way, to the end that 

 California cheese may be second to none in the world. 



EDUCATIONAL NEEDS. 



The foregoing brief discussion of the conditions at present existing 

 in the dairy industry indicates that there is much need of education in 

 all the lines pertaining to the business. Regarding the breeds of cattle 

 best suited for the various localities, methods by which the herd may be 

 graded up, and most advantageous ways of feeding, there seems no more 

 indifference than there is lack of knowledge of how to do. Many would 

 do better did they know how to go about making improvement and were 

 assured that the suggested steps would prove successful. It is only 

 within the last few years that information about breeding and feeding 

 has been disseminated in portions of the State by means of the Farmers' 

 Institutes and otherwise, and good results are seen to have followed this 

 instruction. Jerseys and Holstein-Friesians are the two dairy breeds 

 which are known to any extent, but it is to be supposed that the 

 Guernsey and Ayrshire have a claim for attention and will prove them- 

 selves of much value when wisely introduced. The dairy Shorthorn will 

 always have a place among those who desire to produce both milk and 

 meat. 



What is greatly needed in the line of agricultural education is an 

 experimental farm in connection with the State University, where the 

 various breeds of cattle may be kept, and where experiments may be 

 conducted in growing, conserving, and feeding the different fodder and 

 forage crops. The farm should be of sufficient size to accommodate a 

 working number of the leading dairy and beef breeds of cattle; also the 

 more important breeds of horses, sheep, swine, and poultry. The 

 animals should be as near the best of their kind as can be secured, so 

 as to be able to teach the students of the Agricultural College the 

 characteristics peculiar to each breed, and to instill into their minds a 

 love for the best in agriculture. It costs no more to feed first class 

 animals than mediocre ones, while the revenues from sales are much 

 more satisfactory in the case of the former. 



The farm proper should be equipped with the best tools and machinery 

 that modern invention affords; the barns and stables should be models 



