HYNOBIIDAE. 455 



Diagnosis: Hynobiidae with no foot modifications; lungs present; 

 premaxillary fontanelle absent or very minute; gills of larvae with 

 long filament bearers; vomerine teeth usually in V-shaped series; 

 tail variable, never long and cylindrical; 16 species. 



Key to Adults of Hynobius. 



A. Mainland forms. Vomerine series medium. 

 B. No light dorsal band, toes 5. 



C. Very small scattered dark dots on light ground, 14 costal grooves, 



Turkestan turkestanicus 



CC. Crowded spots or mottling, Eastern Asia. 



D. Costal grooves 13, Korea leechii 



DD. Costal grooves 11, Hupeh, China chinensis 



BB. A light dorsal band, toes 4, costal grooves 13-15, Siberia. . .keyserlingii 

 AA. Island forms. 



B. Inner branch of vomerine series equals or exceeds in length the distance 

 between outer edge of naris and opposite naris; tail very short and 

 thick; naevius group. 

 C. Toes 5. 



D. Light markings both above and below, Kiusiu stejnegeri 



DD. Light markings on sides and on belly, Hondo naevius 



CC. Toes 4, light markings above and on sides, Hondo kimurai 



BB. Inner branch of vomerine series equals or exceeds in length the distance 

 between outer edge of naris and opposite naris; tail tapering, Formosa. 



sonant 



BBB. Inner branch of vomerine series does not equal distance between 



outer edge of naris and opposite naris, but equals or exceeds in length 



the distance between outer edge of naris and peak of opposite vomerine 



series; tail more or less flat; nebulosus group. 



C. Sides of tail black. 



D. Tail very flat, males not black, Hondo vandenburghi 



DD. Tail not flat, males black, Tsu-shima South tsuensis 



CC. Sides of tail not black. 



D. Middorsal line of tail usually yellow, spots on body black. 

 E. Tail flatter, spotting coarser, ground color lighter, Kiusiu. 



nebulosus 

 EE. Tail less flat, spotting finer, ground color darker, Iki-shima. 



ikishimae 

 DD. Middorsal line of tail not yellow; very fine stippling of dark 



brown on light brown ground color; Tsu-shima North tagoi 



BBBB. Length of inner branch of vomerine teeth does not equal distance 

 between outer edge of naris and peak of opposite series; peropus group 

 and cristatus. (H. leechii bridges gap between the peropus and nebu- 

 losus groups.) 



