464 DUNN. 



corner of Baikal, especially in the marshy coastal meadows of the 

 Kultusnaya and Pachabicha valleys, where it is very abundant. On 

 the tenth of May 1869 I found grown animals, about 130 mm. long, 

 laying eggs in pools and ponds. The females lay their eggs in string- 

 like bunches and glue them to stalks of plants or other objects in the 

 water near the surface; the males emit their sperm over the eggs while 

 moving hither and thither very actively. The animals are very shy 

 and at the slightest disturbance they dive under and either creep into 

 the mud or cling motionless flat on the bottom. In either case they 

 can easily be caught with nets. After the egg-laying, about the first 

 half of June the adults leave the water and live in low, swampy mead- 

 ows; either in moss or under pieces of wood or else in rotten logs. 

 The immature animals stay in such places throughout the summer. 



"Reckoning by the sizes of the hundreds of specimens we caught, 

 Salamandrella Keyserlingii reaches its full development and puberty 

 in the third year. The food of this animal consists of earthworms and 

 of insects. Pregnant females kept in the aquarium will not lay eggs; 

 and young experimentally kept in water soon perish; but I have kept 

 both young and adults alive for months in damp moss, and fed with 

 earthworms." 



Shitkov (1S9")), speaks of the habits near Ekaterinburg in the follow- 

 ing terms: "The eggs are laid by the females in especial gelatinous 

 sacks, which are fastened by one end to a plant or other object in the 

 pond, and not far (2-3 cm.) from the surface; the other end of the 

 sack hangs freely in the water, so that it will be rocked up and down 

 by the slightest movement of the water. The sack is generally 15 em. 

 long, much longer than the breadth, (the breadth of the empty, col- 

 lapsed sack is 2 cm.), bowed, and thickly wrinkled on the inner side. 

 The wall of the sack is of the same origin as the albuminous coating of 

 the egg. It is certain, however, that each egg has its own shell, which 

 I, (although I myself owing to my late arrival in Ekaterinburg have 

 seen no new-laid eggs), conclude from the fact that the larvae just 

 after their emergence are still surrounded by a transparent gelatinous 

 covering, from which they free themselves immediately after their 

 emergence. Each sack contains 50-60 eggs." 



"According to Mr. A. Hackel the adults enter the water on the 

 twenty-first of April, and lay their eggs on the same night." 



"The larvae which were in a sunny aquarium emerged after 14 

 days; those in an aquarium which faced the North in 23 days. At 

 the time of my arrival in Ekaterinburg (the last of May) the larvae 

 in the aquarium of Mr. Hackel were already 3 cm. long and had both 



