480 DUNN. 



Diagnosis: A Hynobius with very long vomerine series; tail 

 tapering; 12-13 costal grooves. 



Description: (I endeavor to combine Maki's remarks about these 

 Formosan salamanders in such a way as not to obscure the points 

 which he considers to differentiate his three species). Head round, 

 flattened; nostril nearer tip of snout than, eye (fonnosanus, arisanen- 

 s-is); nostril equidistant between eye and tip of snout (sonani) ; dis- 

 tance between nares greater than between eyelids ; eyelid longer than 

 interorbital space (sonani); eyelid equal to interorbital space (fonno- 

 sanus); eyelid almost equal to interorbital space (arisanensis) ; 

 costal grooves 13 (sonani), 12 (fonnosanus, arisancnsis); vomerine 

 tooth row equals f width of tongue (fonnosanus), -f (sonani), -f- (arisa- 

 ncnsis); inner rows close together in fonnosanus, well separated in 

 arisancnsis, intermediate in sonani; fifth toe absent (so?iani), rudi- 

 mentary, tubercle-like (arisancnsis), smaller than first (fonnosanus); 

 "yellow with round dark spots on back and sides" (sonani); "tawny 

 yellow, brown spots, small spots on belly " (fonnosanus) ; " dark brown, 

 with small yellowish-brown spots, somewhat cream colored on belly" 

 (arisancnsis) ; 



Remarks: Maki had four salamanders from Formosa. On these 

 he established three species. His characters appear to me individual 

 variation. The males (arisancnsis) are much darker than the females 

 (fonnosanus, sonani), thus agreeing with the species from Tsu-shima 

 South, etc. In any single character his four specimens form a rather 

 graded series. I have put the description in such a way, however, 

 that others may apply the criteria he used. 



The relationships of this form would seem at first sight to be with 

 the nacnus group. It is more probable, however, that it has been 

 derived independently of that series of forms from some mainland 

 species, especially as the general affinity of the Formosan fauna is far 

 greater for the Chinese forms than for the Japanese. I should not be 

 surprised at the discovery of an animal of the nacvius group on the 

 mainland, for it is very difficult to derive it from leechii. In this case 

 the resemblances would be explained without recourse to parallelism, 

 or to migration from Formosa to Kiusiu. 



