600 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY. 



form of imagination which sees problems, and the technical ability 

 combined with persistence which enabled him to attack them with 

 promise of a successful issue. Many of his contributions, not only 

 to his craft but to the science of medicine in general, were fundamental 

 in character and of enduring importance. 



As a schoolboy at Phillips-Andover and as an undergraduate at 

 Yale, he was prominent in sports rather than in the class-room, and in 

 his senior year was captain of one of the early university football teams. 

 Like many other young men his ambition was not fired until his 

 entrance into a professional school, and when, after his graduation in 

 1874, he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons (Columbia) 

 in New York, he settled down to prove his mettle with the result that 

 three years later, on getting his degree, he was awarded a prize for 

 leading his class in scholarship. After serving as interne at Bellevue 

 he was appointed house physician to the newly erected New York 

 Hospital. Subsequently, two years were passed in Europe where he 

 devoted himself more especially to the subjects of anatomy and 

 embryology. He studied at Vienna, Leipzig and Wiirtzburg, and his 

 later surgical trend and investigative proclivities were distinctly 

 colored by the German and Austrian surgery of the day. 



On his return from abroad in 1880, he was made assistant demon- 

 strator and subsequently demonstrator of anatomy at the College of 

 Physicians and Surgeons. He also held a number of hospital positions, 

 first at the Charity Hospital where from 1881 to 1887 he was an 

 attending surgeon and director of the out-patient department. For 

 three years he was also surgeon-in-chief to the Emigrant Hospital, 

 Ward's Island; and later, from 1885 to 1887, an attending surgeon to 

 both the Bellevue and Presbyterian Hospitals. During this period 

 in New York, following his return from abroad, he supported himself 

 mainly by teaching, and with Dr. George E. Munroe he organized 

 a famous extramural course for students, consisting of practical 

 exercises in the laboratory and at the bedside, to take the place 

 of the time-honored quizzes which it was long the fashion for the New 

 York students with hospital aspirations to attend. 



During his last few years in New York he undertook an anatomico- 

 surgical investigation on the anaesthetizing effect of the then little- 

 known and newly introduced drug, cocaine. In this research, which 

 had been begun in 1885, he was the first to utilize for surgical purposes 



