SOCIETY OF GENTEAL ILLINOIS. 199 



his face, but not by that of his face only. The muscular toil is, 

 after all, only a supplement to the mental activity. Careful, clear- 

 headed planning and intelligent, cause-seeking reasoning stand be- 

 fore labor, and come after it, commands it and reaps its rewards. A 

 man may succeed in a special line upon the imitative principle, just 

 as a monkey learns to crack nuts with a hammer, but he is in con- 

 stant danger of disastrous failure by chajiges in conditions and re- 

 quirements. Our illustrative monkey would just as soon use a dyna- 

 mite bomb as a hammer, and whether there was afterward anything 

 left of him, or not, he would never know why that particular nut 

 behaved so furiously sensitive. We too often, to use a common 

 figure, get our fingers burned without having seen the fire into which 

 we carelessly thrust our hands. Practical horticulture demands reso- 

 lute hands, but more than all, and above all, educated and quickened 

 minds. The dreamy theories and dainty mental discipline of too 

 many schools in former times, tended to divorce mind and manual 

 effort. Education and money-gaining business were considered, if 

 not antagonistic, at least not properly associated and mutually help- 

 ful, as if men in the world and of the world should be educated out 

 of the world of practical aff-iirs. Great changes have been made in 

 our ideas and in our practices in this regard. The directly useful and 

 practically serviceable has been pushed to the front in our selection 

 of studies for the common schools, as well as for the so-called higher 

 institutions of learning. "Learning and labor" is not considered an 

 inappropriate motto for a great State university. Fifty years ago 

 such a thing as this did not exist even in sentiment, much less in 

 actual fact. 



Without trying to make a complete survey of the causes of the 

 recent advancement in onr art, one more may be named. In politi- 

 cal economy we are taught that the demand creates and regulates 

 the supply. In horticulture there is a sense in which this is directly 

 reversed. The supply actually creates the demand. When choice 

 fruit, in neat packages, is offered in the markets, people will buy 

 who never would have thought of seekiiKj for the products. At first 

 they purchase fruit as an occasional indulgence or luxury. It is 

 taken home to the children as a novelty. It is eaten as a relish or a 

 sweetmeat. Though there is no craving of the appetite, after the 

 planner of some drinks and drugs, there is a likelihood that the first 

 indulgence will be followed by a second, and the second by a third, 

 until after a time the idea of indulgence or luxury is lost in the bet- 

 ter idea of daily food and prophylactic medicine. So, also, with 

 flowers — one may be inclined at first to say that money or labor 

 spent for a bouquet upon the dinner-table is sheer waste or prodigal 

 expense. But when, from the facility of procurement and the pre- 

 sented temptation, indulgence becomes more and more common, the 

 feeling passes into a real want. The former prodigal begins to 

 realize that man shall not live by bread alone, that there is a hunger 



