128 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [FeB. 27 



The following were elected officers for the year 1893-1894 : 



President— H. Carrington Bolton. 



IstTice-President — J. A. Allen. 



2d Vice-President — Henry F. Osborn. 



Corresponding Secretary — Thomas L. Casey. 



Kecording Secretary — N. L, Britton. 



Treasurer — Charles F. Cox. 



Librarian — James F. Kemp. 



Councilors — O. P. Hubbard, Harold Jacoby, A. A. Julien, 

 D. S. Martin, J. K. Rees, R. P. Whitfield. 



Curators — Bashford Dean, Arthur Hollick, G. F. Kunz, John 

 Tatlock, Jr., H. T. Vulte. 



Finance Committee — Henry Dudley, J. H. Hinton, Seth Low. 



The following paper was then presented : 



PROGRESS OF CHEMISTRY AS DEPICTED IN 

 APPARATUS AND LABORATORIES. 



BY H. CARRINGTON BOLTON, 



(Abstract.) 



From the very earliest times many arts were practiced 

 involving chemical operations, such as working in metals, 

 purification of natural salts for pharmacy, etc., dyeing of cloths 

 and the preparation of pigments, brewing of fermented liquors, 

 etc.; hence we find that long before chemistry became a science, 

 even before it became inoculated with the virus of alchemy, 

 furnaces and apparatus of earthenware, metal and glass, 

 adapted to special work, were in common use. 



The important adjuncts to laboratory utensils for the mechani- 

 cal operations of pulverizing, grinding, sifting, etc., and the 

 use of scales in a general way, date from the very beginnings 

 of human industry ; these we disregard in the main and confine 

 our study to apparatus more strictly adapted to chemical 

 operations. 



In tracing the progress of chemistry by reviewing the forms 

 and variety of apparatus used at different periods, we do not 

 attempt to establish definitely the date of introduction of a 

 given instrument except in a few instances to be noted in their 



