44 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [DeC. 5 



sands. If such is the case, and if these beds, as is usually sup- 

 posed, are a continuation of the New Jersey ones, they must be 

 explained as follows : Either the original beds have been torn 

 apart by the ice whick bore down iipon them, or else by the 

 extensive erosion of the currents which deposited the overlying 

 sands and gravels. The writer favors this latter view. 



A. boring made on the site of Kreischer's fire-brick factory 

 showed : 



Total thickness . . . 2i)0 feet. 



Next to the church at Kreischerville is a bank of stratified 

 sand standing some iO feet back from the road. It appears to 

 have been dug away considerably, but Mr. Kreischer informed 

 me that there was once a large mass of clay at this sj)ot, which 

 was surrounded by the sand. To the north of this, near the 

 shore, is a bank of blue stoneware clay overlain by four to six 

 feet of fine yellow laminated sand, and southeast of the church 

 is a similar bank, but the clay is of a more sandy nature. A 

 third opening is opposite Kilmeyer's Hotel at Kreischerville, 

 where a yellow fire-clay is dug. This is overlain by about 20 

 feet of sand and yellow gravel and underlain by a whitish sand. 

 A fourth opening is situated on the shore in a bluish clay. 



Borings made at various points between Kreischer's factory 

 and Y/ood & Keenan's brickyard penetrated a blue clay at a 

 depth of a few feet. This latter is no doubt of a very recent 



origin. 



At the xinderson Brick Company's pit, near Green Eidge, the 

 lower clay, which is of a black color, shows signs of disturbance, 

 and slicken-sided surfaces are common. The upper portions of 

 the bank are of blue and gray colors, and at one spot there is a 

 thick seam of lignite. This clay is not sufficiently refractor}' for 

 fire-brick. Fragmentary plant remains were found b}' the 

 writcj-. 



In the pits of the Staten Island Kaolin Comjoany, the upper 

 portion of the kaolin has been disturbed by tlie ice and the 

 kaolin is intermixed with the till. The kaolin is here underlain 

 by a sandy clay. 



Glacial clays also occur on Staten Island, and are being used 

 for the manufacture of brick. 



Long Island Clays. 

 The clays are found along the north shore of the Island and 



