148 [Senate 



nuing long enough to chill the great depth of water, it does not 

 freeze. 



Cayuta and Erin, situated in the east part of the county, are new 

 but rapidly settling, and there is much valuable land yet in market, 

 offering great inducements to settlers, which, with proper culture, 

 would soon become valuable either for grazing or grain; these towns 

 are somewhat hilly, but generally susceptible of cultivation; large 

 quantities of maple sugar are manufactured here annually. 



The condition of agriculture in this county is improving as rapidly 

 perhaps as other parts of the State, and in some portions of the coun- 

 ty may be termed good. 



In the early settlement of th« country farming was connected more 

 or less with lumbering, and consequently neglected, and in many in- 

 stances made a secondary object; as pine timber has disappeared, 

 more attention has been given to farming, the land has been better 

 tilled, more system practiced, improved implements are used, and 

 larger crops are harvested. 



Horse teams are generally used, except on new farms, and the 

 small or common size, hardy, well formed horse is preferred. 



The produce is chiefly marketed via canal, as is also a portion of 

 the lumber, but the principal part is sent down the Susquehanna to 

 Philadelphia and Baltimore markets. 



Sheep and cattle are usually driven to eastern markets in the sum- 

 mer and fall, and are fed chiefly on grass; a few, however, are stall 

 fed; no sheep are grain fed, except for home consumption. 



There seems to be a diversity of opinion with regard to cattle; 

 some prefer the Durham, other a cross of the Devonshire with our 

 native breed but some of the most experienced breeders and feeders 

 prefer the native stock, especially on bleak situations. 



Sheep, a cross of the Merino with our common breed, is generally 

 preferred, they are more hardy, larger carcass, and yield more wool 

 than the Saxon; flocks of the latter have been introduced, but not 

 generally approved. 



The Berkshire are the favorite breed of swine, which are fattened 

 on steamed potatoes, pumpkins, meal and corn. 



As to what changes are necessary to advance the prosperity of the 

 county, we would remark that agriculturists should have a thorough 

 and practical knowledge of their business, and should feel its impor- 

 tance to the community, and apply themselves strictly to its pursuits; 

 should produce and manufacture more and buy less, always keeping 

 the debtor side of the account in their favor, or adopt the ready pay 

 principle. 



The competition of the New-York and Erie Railroad, giving the 

 farmer a ready market at all seasons of the year, would doubtless ad- 

 vance the agricultural interests of this county. 



There is almost every variety of timber in this county; in some 

 portions of it extensive groves of valuable pine yet remain. 



The Idon and Livingston county plows are in general use; harrows 

 of all kinds are used; the old fashioned three square are most nume- 



